XI. SCHEDULE OF POOR SCHOOL APPORTIONMENTS made by the Education Department in 1873. 190 60 00 3,365 96 58 Third 180 80 00 4,000 116 25 Third 216 50 00 5,040 63 40 14 Third 150 105 00 12,350 169 56 Erection of a new school-house, and furnishing it. Section very small, and also poor. School-house burnt, section poor and poorly populated. Assistance to pay teacher, so that school can be kept open the whole year. To keep the school open for the present year. Section in poor circumstances; want assistance to build school-house. Old school-house condemned; no funds for new one. Section poor, and sparsely settled. Section poor; trustees building a new school-house. Section small, and inhabitants poor. Section small, and inhabitants very poor. People poor, owing to barren nature of soil. Very poor settlement, and very few tax-payers. Want assistance to pay teacher. Want assistance to pay teacher. Have just built a school-house; require furniture. People very poor; not able to pay teacher or taxes. Section new and poor. Section new; population small; people poor. Ratepayers poor. Country thinly populated; and poor salaries on increase. People poor; they find it difficult to keep school open. Poor School Section, and thinly populated. Section very poor; will have to close school unless they get some assistance. Want help to pay teacher; going to build two new school-houses. Going to build two school-houses; population widely spread. People poor, and land not very valuable. Land poor; took their money to build a new school-house. School Section very poor and small. Large school population, and depending on voluntary subscriptions. Increase in taxes; want help to get text-books for school. 40,000 128 13 No Grant. Building a new school-house. School large, but receive small amount of tax. Section poor; want aid to buy books, &c. 100 48 No Grant Section not able to pay teacher's salary and other expenses. Not able to pay teacher, nor finish school-house. 118 181 Permit... 210 94 61 9,656 251 85 Second... 250 27 90 6211 4 Second... 350 236 70 7,890 376 67 21.8 19 Third 200 132 73 120 65 69 8,849 18_37 First. 240 549 38 3,000.30 715 84 100 24 Third 175 160 00 10,800 232 10 $30 Help to pay money borrowed, and make improvements around the school. Have built new school-house; unable to pay for it and teacher. New school in a new settlement, and people very poor. People poor; small population; poor land. Section small, and thinly settled. Section in the "Free Grant District;" people very poor. To pay teacher's salary, and keep school open the whole year. Three-fourths of inhabitants unable to pay school tax. Very poor; building new school-house. Section in "Free Grant District;" settlers in difficulty. Section very poor; want help to pay teacher, &c. Section in "Free Grant District;" want help to keep school open. 40.25 Trustees about building new school-house; people very poor. Help to build new school-house, and pay teacher's salary. No funds; maps and school furniture required. New Section; people poor. Swamp land; $314 in debt for new school-house. People very poor; School Section not yet defined. Very poor; unable to maintain school without help. 123 500 300 450 XIII. Miscellaneous. 1. LORD DERBY'S ADVICE TO BOYS. now I am glad of it, for I can get a good situation by this means, and a high salary.' A certain French king used to regret, with great bitterness, the deficiency of his education, when surrounded by men of learning and the highest culture. He reproached the One of the most characteristic and excellent addresses ever de- memory of those who had been so indulgent of his idleness, and said, with bitter sarcasm : "Was there not birch enough in the livered by Lord Derby was given by his lordship recently to the forests of Fontainebleau?" Better a sharp strict master, who inlads of the Liverpool College, at the distribution of the prizes to sists upon thoroughness in all you undertake, than a frivolous, that institution. Instead of delivering a learned homily, as the superficial one, who permits you to slide over your lessons in an place and the occasion might seem to demand, he contented himself with giving a plain lecture, specially designed for the good of easy way, which you will regret with like bitterness in later years. boys who are not very clever, and who don't get the prizes. "Do not mind," he said, "missing the prizes; the race of life wants en XIV. Departmental Notices. THE EASTER HOLIDAYS. ALL right training consults the aptitudes of the mind, favours durance more than speed"-the start is something, but it is not the natural bent of the genius, and charms the faculties into exermuch against steady, resolute determination to keep on running. cise. In the training of the young it is assumed that the disposi"Do not any of you be disheartened," he continued, "because you tion must be a natural growth, not a manufactured product; that think yourselves slow or stupid, even though you may really at every character has its own law of development; that you cannot present appear to have good ground for the belief." It might seem deal with the lily as you can with the sunflower. to some people as if he were wilfully indulging in a paradox when he declared his belief that intellectual sharpness is by no means the first qualification for a successful career; but he believed this was the simple truth. "Talent is the edge of the knife that makes it penetrate easily; but whether it penetrates deeply or not depends quite as much on the force applied to it as on the sharpness of the blade." This was indeed a nice Christmas-box for all the dull and In reply to inquiries on this subject, we beg to say that the true-hearted boys in the College. Lord Derby went on to tell them Easter Holidays commence on the Wednesday next before what are the magic spells of life, and to assure them that these Easter, and end on the Tuesday next after it, that is, School spells are within the reach of the dullest boy. Training and will close on the afternoon of April 1st, and commence on the energy" are the two words that must be kept in mind, The boy forenoon of Tuesday, April 7th. must himself, in the first place, learn the thing by which he means to live; and energy may be indefinitely increased by fostering good physical health. Without a normally healthy condition there could, as a rule, be no good work; and this might be secured and pre1. Letters should be addressed to the "Education Office," served, speaking broadly, by living natural, wholesome lives, by preserving mind and body in just and balanced proportions, above or "Education Department," and not to the "Normal School,” all, perhaps, by the avoidance of all undue hurry and nervous ex- which is a Branch of the Department, having its own letter-box citement. Mental labour hurts nobody, unless it be in excess; at the Post Office. exercising will sooner or later have to find time for illness. Work CORRESPONDENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT. what does hurt is fretting and fidgeting over a task. The advantage 2. Application for Maps, Apparatus, Prize or Library Books is with the man who takes things coolly, which, after all, is quite as should (as stated on the face of them) be accompanied with much a matter of discipline as of nature. Keep yourself well with the remittance named in the application. It should not be enexercise, remembering that they who have not time for wholesome closed in a separate envelope, unless the fact is specially noted in the morning rather than at night, if you have a choice in the on the application. Very often the application (stating that a matter; have some favourite intellectual pursuit outside the ordi- certain sum is enclosed) comes in one envelope and the money nary business of your life; read books, so that if your existence is in another. This discrepancy should not occur without an exparochial, they may inspire you with interests of imperial magni- planation being given in the letter. The Post Office authorities tude; and if you are rich and not dependent on any exertion of do not now allow the form of application filled up to pass your own for a livelihood, guard against the peril in which you are placed, for self is the hardest of all masters, and pleasure is a thing through the post as printed matter. 4. Letters are often posted and registered at one office, while another one is mentioned in the letters themselves. This fact should be noted in the letter by the writer, otherwise the discrepancy causes confusion and inconvenience in the letter registry of money receipts. which comes most to those who seek it least. Such was the sum of 3. The name of the Post Office of the writer, or School SecLord Derby's advice to the boys at Liverpool; and both as to sub- tion, should invariably be mentioned in the letter. Frequently stance and form, his speech might properly be included in a popu- letters are received without either the date or post office being lar reading-book for schools. It was sparingly but effectively lighted given in them. up with illustrations. He told the story of two great statesinen, one known to himself, who had both at school been habitual objects of good natured ridicule for their slowness of comprehension; with these he contrasted the Cambridge wranglers and Oxford double firsts who are struggling for bare subsistance, perhaps at wretched literary hack work, or keeping sheep and jobbing in Australia for an employer, who very probably can neither read nor write. He pointed to the German army, which won its great success, not by the genius of the few, but by the microscopic attention to every detail of duty which has become a tradition in that service. The close of the address was admirable. "Right and wrong, honour CANADIAN SCHOOL MAPS AND APPARATUS. Sets of the new series of maps of Canadian manufacture duty and country, benevolence towards men, and responsibility to- Educational Depository, Toronto, either singly, in wall cases, or are now ready, and can be had, by school authorities, at the wards the unseen Power by which human action is guided and controlled-these are not ideal phrases. In all countries and ages they on rotary stands, embracing Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, have retained their meaning. They are realities which correspond Africa, America, the British Isles and Canaan and Palestine. with the deepest wants and feelings of our nature; and no man will The Map of British North America (too large for cases) is feel himself utterly cast down who can say in his heart-Whether I mounted separately on rollers. am happy or unhappy is not my chief affair. What most and first concerns me, is to find my work in life, to recognize it, and to do it.'"--Christian World. 2. WHAT'S THE USE? "What's the use?" is the common saying with boys in regard to hard, distasteful studies. They mean to do something in life far different from anything that will require their dull, dry studies to be brought into play. But, leaving out of the question the mental discipline got from them, which is, after all, the main object of study, these very things may be turned to excellent account in after years. My teacher made me study surveying, twenty-five years ago," said a gentleman, who had lately lost his property; "and Terrestrial and Celestial Globes, of Canadian manufacture, of the following sizes: three (hemisphere), six, twelve, and eighteen inches in diameter, and on various kinds of frames. SHORT ADVERTISEMENTS inserted in the Journal of Education for 20 cents per line, which may be remitted in postage stamps or otherwise. TERMS: For a single copy of the Journal of Education, $1 12 per annum. All subscripBack vols., neatly stitched, supplied on the same terms. tions to commence with the January Number, and payment in advance must in all cases accompany the order. Single numbers, 12 cents each. All communications to be addressed to the Editor, J. GEORGE HODGINS, LL.D., Education Once, Toront Printed for the Education Department by HUNTER, ROSE & Co., Toronto. Board Pub School Trustees If not called for within one month, the Postmaster will please send to the School Inspector. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. TORONTO, MARCH, 1874. PAGE L. THE RECENT SCHOOL LEGISLATION.-(1) The Council of Public Instruction; (2) 33 36 36 37 II. THE CONSOLIDATED PUBLIC SCHOOL LAWS... III. PAPERS ON SCHOOL DISCIPLINE.-(1) School Discipline and Management; (2) V. PAPERS ON PRACTICAL EDUCATION.-(1) No Time for Singing, &c.; (2) Johnny VI. PAPERS ON GEOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER SUBJECTS.-(1) Geography of the Year; VII. PAPERS ON EDUCATION IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES.-(1) Illiteracy in the United VIII. PAPERS FOR YOUNG MEN.-(1) The Two Angels; (2) Good Advice from IX. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.-(1) Robert M. Roy, Esq.; (2) Judge Logie; (3) X. MISCELLANEOUS.-(1) The Snow Prayer; (2) "He Died for Me;" (3) General XI. SHORT CRITICAL NOTICES OF BOOKS XII. EDUCATIONAL INTELLIGENCE XIII. DEPARTMENTAL NOTICES XIV. ADVERTISEMENT 40 42 43 44 No. 3. (4.) One member elected by each of the three following classes, viz. : (a.) The legally qualified masters and teachers of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes; (b.) The Inspectors of Public Schools; and (c.) The legally qualified teachers of Public and Separate Schools. (5.) No person is eligible to be elected under this Section, or to continue a member of said Council, who, at the time of such election, or during the period for which he is elected a member of said Council, is actually employed as an Inspector, a Master or Teacher, under the Public, Separate or High School 46 Acts. 45 46 47 48 48 (6.) The persons elected at any such election are to hold office until the elections for the following year or years have taken place. THE RECENT SCHOOL LEGISLATION. The recent School Legislation marks an important epoch in the educational history of Ontario. The new legislation was embodied in Bill No. 3 (as amended in Committee), which was successfully carried through the House by the Honourable Attorney-General Mowat. No one could have bestowed more care and patient labour on the subject than the Premier, and he deserves the thanks of the country for the great assiduity and zeal, as well as the pains, which he took to perfect our School system. We will now summarize the chief amendments which were made to the School Law in Bill No. 3, and which were afterwards embodied in the two consolidated Acts which received the Royal assent on the 24th instant-which, by a pleasant coincidence, was the 71st birthday of the Chief Superintendent of Education. 1. THE COUNCIL OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Sections 1-23 provide for the reconstruction of the Council of Public Instruction. It consists now of the following members: The machinery for the election of the new members is fully provided for. The Council can appoint committees, and resolve itself into a committee of the whole. A record of its proceedings is to be published in the Journal of Education. 2. HIGH SCHOOLS AND COLLEGIATE INSTITUTES. High School Masters.-In regard to High Schools, the new law provides that after the 24th instant no persons can become qualified to act as Head Masters of High Schools and Collegiate Institutes, who do not, "in addition to the qualifications already required by law for Head Masterships, furnish to the Council of Public Instruction satisfactory evidence of their knowledge of the science and art of teaching, and of the management and discipline of schools. The section does not apply to persons already employed as Head Masters. Preparatory Classes.-Hereafter it shall be competent for the Board of Trustees of any High School or Collegiate Institute : (1.) To establish a preparatory school, class or classes for the preparation of pupils for admission to such High School or (1.) The Chief Superintendent of Education, ex officio (or, Collegiate Institute, on the following conditions :in his absence, the Deputy Superintendent); (2.) Eight members appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor; (3.) One member elected by the Council of University College, and one by each of the other Colleges possessing university powers. (a.) No master or teacher employed in the High School or Collegiate Institute shall teach in such preparatory school, class, or classes; (b.) No part of the Legislative grant or of the County assessment for High School or Collegiate Institute purposes shall be applied towards the expenses of the establishment, teaching or provided for as follows:-"It shall be the duty of the mayor, maintenance of such preparatory school, class or classes; reeve, or deputy-reeve of the municipality concerned, and of the county inspector, annually to equalize the assessment of union school sections or divisions." (c.) No additional local assessment for High School or Collegiate Institute purposes shall be applied towards such expenses without the consent of the Council of the Municipality in which the High School or Collegiate Institute is situated. It provides further, that any portion of a county assessment for school purposes, which may be raised within any town or village school division, shall be paid over by the county treasurer to the order of the board of trustees for such school division." Admission of High School Pupils.-The Chairman of the High and Public School Boards, the Public School Inspector and the High School Master constitute the new Board for the admission of School Section Loans.-The new law is more clear and explicit on pupils to High Schools. The Inspector is the responsible party, this subject. It provides that " Any township council may by byand to him all papers are sent. He makes the report and certifies law grant to the trustees of any school section (on the application the return, &c. of the said trustees) authority to borrow such sums of money as New High Schools. -Hereafter no new High School can be estab- the trustees may deem necessary for the purchase of school sites, lished, or an old one discontinued, except by by-law passed at for the erection or repair of school-houses and their appendages, or or before the June session of the County Council, and then only for the purchase or erection of a teacher's residence; and in the when such by-law is favourably reported on by the Chief Superin- by-law the township council shall provide for the issue of debentendent to His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, for his allow-ture or debentures, in the form given in schedule A of this Act, ance or disallowance. for the amount of the loan, and shall cause to be levied in each year, Miscellaneous High School Matters.-Provision is fully made in upon the taxable property of the section, a sum sufficient to pay the new Act for the formation of High School Districts in towns the interest on the amount borrowed; and also a sum sufficient to separated, for the appointment of trustees, admission of non-re- pay off the principal during any period not exceeding ten years, sident pupils, and the status of High and Public School Boards as may be agreed upon by the trustees and the lender of the already established. None can be united after the 1st of next July. money.' 3. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. School Section Boundaries.-Provision is made that these boundaries cannot be altered after the 1st of May in any year, so as to allow ample time to appeal to the County Council, if necessary, against such alteration. The facilities for this appeal are greatly increased, as will be seen by the following extract : The following important proviso has been added "That the taxable property situated in any school section or division at the time when such loan was effected shall continue to be liable for the rate which may be levied by the township council for the repayment of the loan, notwithstanding any alteration which may be made in the boundaries of such section or division; and such rate may be collected by the township council, by distress and sale of goods and chattels, or by suit in the Division Court." In re "The majority of the trustees, or any five rate-payers, of one or Procuring School Sites. The provisions of the new law in regard more school sections, shall have the right of appeal or complaint to to school sites are now quite sufficient for all practical purposes. their county council against any by-law or resolution passed at any They embrace facilities for obtaining sites on mortgaged land, or time previously by their township council for the formation or alter-on land owned by persons under disability, unknown, &c. ation of their school section or school sections, or against the gard to enlarging school sites, the new law declares that the Act of neglect or refusal of the township council, on application being 1871 "shall not be held to restrict trustees in the enlargement of a made to it by the trustees or inspector, to form or alter the boun- school site existing at the passing of this Act to the required didaries of the school section or school sections; and the county coun-mensions" of an acre, or not less than half an acre. But it very cil shall appoint a committee of not more than five, or less than properly provides "that no such enlargement shall be made in the three, competent persons (two of whom shall be the County Judge direction of the orchard, garden, or dwelling-house, without the and a County Inspector), and a majority of whom shall form a consent of the owner of the land required, unless the school site quorum, to investigate the matter of the appeal or complaint, and cannot be otherwise enlarged; nor shall it, without the consent of to revise and alter the boundaries of the school section or school such owner, include any part of his garden, orchard or grounds sections, so far as to settle the matters complained of. attached to his dwelling-house." "(a.) No person shall be competent to act on the committee who Selecting School Sites-Arbitration.-The new law has made a was or is a member of the township council which passed the by-wise change in regard to arbitration for the selection of school sites low or resolution complained of. in case the trustees and ratepayers disagree. Formerly the arbi"(b.) The alterations made in the boundaries of any school section trators were authorized "to finally decide the matter; "but now or school sections by such committee shall not take effect before their powers are more clearly defined, as follows:-The "three arthe twenty-fifth day of December of the year in which the altera-bitrators named in the Act, or a majority of them present at any tions are made (and of which alterations due notice shall be given lawful meeting, shall have authority to make and publish an award by the inspector to the clerk of the township and to the trustees of upon the matter or matters submitted to them." This award may the school sections concerned)." however be reconsidered as follows :-" With the consent or at the Union School Section and Division Boundaries.-The new law pro-request of the parties to the reference, the arbitrators, or a majority vides that hereafter "every alteration in the boundaries of a union of them, shall have authority within three months from the date of school section or division shall, (under the restrictions imposed by their award, to reconsider such award and make and publish a selaw as to notices, &c.) be made : cond award, which award (or the previous one, if not reconsidered by the arbitrators) shall be binding upon all parties concerned, for at least one year from the date thereof." "(a.) In the case of the townships, by the reeves or deputy reeves of the townships and the inspector of the county or counties; "(b.) In the case of towns and villages, by the reeves or deputy reeves, the county inspector or inspectors, and a person appointed by the Public School Board as its representative for this purpose; "(c.) The alteration is to be made by a majority of the said persons who may be present at a lawful meeting called for that purpose." Town and Village School Boundaries.-The law on this subject is made clearer than formerly, as follows:- "The school boundaries of a school section or other division existing at the time of the passage of a by-law incorporating it as a village or town municipality, shall continue in force, notwithstanding its incorporation, until such boundaries are altered under the authority of the school laws (as above). دو Compulsory Education.--The new and important provisions of the law on this subject make it "the duty of the trustees of every public school: "(1.) To ascertain before the thirty-first day of December in every year, through the assessor, collector, or some other person to be appointed for that purpose, and paid by them, the names, ages and residences of all the children of school age in their school section, division or municipality, as the case may be-distinguishing those children between the ages of seven and twelve years inclusive-who have not attended any school (or who have not been otherwise educated) for four months of the year, as required by law; (2.) To notify personally, or by letter or otherwise, the parents Status of Union School Sections and Divisions.-As to the status of or guardians of such children of the neglect or violation on their these two classes of Union School Divisions, the law declares that part of the provisions of the law; "Every union school section or division, composed of portions of adjoining townships or portions of a township or townships, and a town or incorporated village, shall, for the purposes of the election of trustees, be deemed one school section or division, and shall be considered in respect to inspection and taxation for school purposes, as belonging to the township, town or village in which the school house is situated." Equalization of Union School Section Assessments.-This matter is (3.) To impose a rate-bill on such parents or guardians as continue to neglect or violate the provisions of the said law, not exceeding one dollar per month for each of their children not attending school, or to make complaint of such neglect or violation to a magistrate having jurisdiction in such cases, as provided by law, and to deliver to said magistrate a statement of the names and residence of the parents or guardians of such children." Non-resident Pupils.-An alteration has been made in the pre |