offspring protected by all skill and care, while all the diabolical acts of abortion and foeticide should be made infamous and criminal. The fearful habit of looking upon maternity as a loss of girlish beauty, and as a bitter pledge to care, should be put down, and we should have no toleration for the new race of monks and nuns who would be childless without chastity, and be virtually, but not virtuously, celibates in the service of vanity and self-indulgence, not of devotion and self-sacrifice.

But it is not merely in the country districts that this state of things has existed. Up to a very recent period at least this same ignorance was manifested in a very surprising degree in this metropolis. It is now about five years since, with two other members of our State Senate, I visited this city, and sat in the Commission for examing into certain branches of the city administration, and especially into the conduct of that branch which had the care of the public health. The state of things revealed was such as could only exist Our whole method of amusements, especially for the young, under a great and wide-spread ignorance on the part of citizens, of should be reformed. Gas-light should yield to daylight, night the first principles of sanitary science. To give an idea of this vapours in heated and close rooms should give way to fresh air ignorance, let me recall, as nearly as I can, a little episode in the under the open heavens, and our young people should be brought investigation: It happened that the late Judge Whiting, who had up to work and play under the ministry of that great solar force charge of the investigation on the part of the Citizens' Association, which is the most benign and god-like agent known to men. Ar- put on the stand a young physician, who testified that the Health dent spirits and tobacco should be given up, and in their stead Officers, or Wardens, or Inspectors, were men utterly ignorant of genial exersise of riding, gymnastics, and the dance, with music the first principles relating to the public health which they were apand all beautiful arts, should be employed to stir the languid pointed to preserve. In order to refute this, the head of the Health powers and soothe the troubled affections. The old Greeks taught Department at the time brought on the stand, in perfect good faith, music and gymnastics as parts of education, and Plato, in urging several of these Health Officers. Toward the close of the examinathe importance of these, still maintains that the soul is superior to tion of the first (one) of these gentlemen, Judge Whiting asked the body, and religion is the crown of all true culture. Why may this question; "Did you have a case of small-pox in your ward?" not Christian people take as broad a position on higher ground, and and he answered, Yes, sir." Judge Whiting: "Did you visit the with a generous and genial culture associate a faith that is no patient?" Witness: "No, sir." Judge Whiting: "Why not?" dreamy sentiment or ideal abstraction, but the best power of man Witness: "For the same reason that you would not; that I was and the supreme grace of God ?—Dr. Ósgood in Harper's for May. afraid of taking it myself." Judge Whiting: "Did the family have any care?" Witness: "Yes, sir; they were 'highjinnicks' (hygienics); they doctored themselves." As the other witnesses came in, Judge Whiting used this as a sort of test question-as a

sad after-thought necessarily came to every thinking man as to the condition of the great metropolis which allowed all its dearest material interests to be placed in such hands as this. It may be said that this was the result of a political system, but it was not. Had there been a tithe of the instruction which should have prevailed-of that simple knowledge that should have existed on this subject-such a thing would have been impossible, no matter what the political exigencies or arrangements were.

3. POPULAR IGNORANCE OF SANITARY SCIENCE. Dr. White, the President of Cornell University, in a recent lec-sort of key to unlock the system, and show the utter ignorance ture spoke as follows concerning the need for popular instruction that prevailed in every department of it. Every witness was asked: in Sanitary Science :Well, have you any highjinnicks' in your ward?" Some of the The proposition to which I shall speak especially is this: that witnesses thought they had; some thought they had not; some provision should be made for instruction in Human Physiology, thought they had them pretty badly" some thought they had Hygiene, and Sanitary Science, in all departments of public in- them in some parts of the ward, some thought they had them in struction in our public schools, by providing fundamental instruc- other parts of the ward. At last the Judge asked a witness, who tion, especially in the simple principles of physiology and hygiene; had been answering his question in this way: "Do you know what in colleges and universities, by presenting this general instruction the word 'highjinnicks' means?" and he replied: "Yes, sir, I do ; in a more extended way, and by promoting investigation ; in medi- it means a bad smell arising from dirty water." Of course the excal colleges, by giving more special instruction in matters relating hibition was vastly amusing, but after all the guffaw was over, a to public and international hygiene: and that, in our departments of engineering and polytechnic and technological schools, especial provision should be made for instruction in sanitary engineering. In regard to the first of these provisions, that for popular instruction, few probably are aware of the need of them. Take, for example, the revelation made within the past year, at the outbreak of yellow fever in a Southern city. Two things in relation to that revealed very clearly the evils of which I speak: First, the cause assigned to the disease shows the utter want of sanitary knowledge So much for the need of popular enlightenment on this subject. in the people at large; and, secondly, the real cause, since revealed, Look, now, at a higher range. It is only a few years since the shows the absolute blindness to the simplest principles of sanitary country was startled by the outbreak of a malignant type of fever science on the part of those immediately concerned. When the in one of the leading boarding-schools in New England. The result yellow fever broke out at Shreveport, it was telegraphed all over was, that several ladies from the most respectable families in the the country that it was caused by the removal of the obstructions country lost their lives. The school had always been considered an in the river above the city. That statement went all over the admirable one. It was under the charge of a principal and instruccountry unchallenged. So far as I know, no one thought of ex-tors in every way worthy of their calling; but an investigation by pressing doubt publicly as to the statement that the yellow fever competent persons showed that causes of zymotic disease lurked was caused by a more plentiful supply of water at the wharves of at every corner of the edifice, and that the only wonder was that that city-the fact being, that would conduce rather to the removal the disease had not come earlier and spread even wider. of the causes of the disease than to the prevention of them. last came information as to the real cause, and it was found that in Look now at the want of special and technical instruction. It is that hot climate men had been allowed to heap up the material in little over ten years since the Instructional Commission on Quarwhich disease-germs arise abundantly; that the simplest truths of antine Matters sat in Paris. They did a great and noble work, but sanitary science had been ignored, and that the consequence was their labours have taken no such hold upon the policy of various perfectly simple and natural. States as they ought to have taken. What is the reason of this? But it is not merely in such outstanding parts of the nation that There are admirable sanitarians in our own country and in others. such ignorance exists. It is spread throughout our own country We have several of whom the country may justly be proud; but districts, even the most enlightened districts, and you will find the difficulty is, that our institutions have not given us enough of prevailing in many of our country towns traditions and supersti- them to create and spread a healthy public opinion on this subject. tions in regard to this matter that are most surprising. You will One or two, or half a dozen, cannot, in so great a country as this, find some of these things which are known to be absolutely deadly accomplish so great a work, and especially they cannot if they are considered on the whole as healthful. Strange as it may seem, burdened with the laborious duty of a metropolitan physician. you may hear people who take the papers, who are supposed to be There is a great want of special instruction in our medical colleges within reach of the great sources of information you may hear in public hygiene-hygiene in its relation to quarantine matters, in such people, I say, maintaining that, after all, the emana- regard to the prevention of epidemics, in regard to sanitary protions of the cesspool are rather conducive to health than to disease; vision for the wants of great cities and districts. Again, if you that their fathers lived and throve in such an atmosphere, and that, go into any of our interior States, you will find that any thing like therefore, it has a healthly influence. I can point you to an ex- a thorough or carefully-thought-out or wrought-out system of sewerceedingly pleasant village which I have sometimes to visit, where, age is a very rare exception to a very wide-spread rule. Nothing with a plentiful supply of water, there is an absolute want of any can be more inadequate than the system of sewerage of nine-tenths system of sewage. Typhoid and typhus go zigzag through that of our cities; and, indeed, until recently, the city of New York, town every year or two, making victims, yet you can't induce the with all its magnificent provision of water-supply, and in spite of people of that village to believe that their unsewered condition has its splendid position for drainage, was very improperly provided for any thing to do with it. in this respect.

At

PHYSICAL EVILS OF TOBACCO.

Tobacco contains an essential oil, and nicotine, both of which are highly poisonous.

Tobacco, when first smoked, chewed, or snuffed, deranges the whole system.

Quebec, who was an eminent teacher in those early days of provin cial educational matters. In or about the 1829, he was ordained successively deacon and priest by the then Bishop of Quebec, (Canada's only bishop at that period) the Hon. Right Reverend Charles James Stewart, D.D., and was appointed to the then mission of Kemptville, where he laboured many years very successfully as its first rector; and no one can visit that interesting parish, but must note the enduring effects of the pastoral zeal and energetic efforts

Tobacco, by perverting the nourishing saliva, prevents the due elaboration of chyle and blood. Tobacco exerts a special influence on the brain and nervous sys-of that first able and judicious parochial administrator. In 1846, tem generally.

Tobacco impairs the senses of smelling and tasting, and often of hearing and seeing.

Tobacco seriously affects the action of the heart and circulation

of the blood.

Tobacco mars beauty, destroys the complexion, and impairs the brilliancy of the eyes.

Tobacco smoked in confined rooms, is very injurious to sickly women and children.

Tobacco consumers are more liable to disease than if they were

in a natural condition.

Tobacco weakens the constitution and renders recovery from sickness a greater difficulty.

Tobacco has a tendency to superinduce paralysis.
Tobacco harms the gums and teeth.

Tobacco poisons the blood.

Tobacco is a known cause of enfeeblement to the posterity of its
Tobacco arrests the growth of the young and thereby lowers the

he was appointed by the late Bishop in Toronto in succession to himself and such other zealous men as Salter J. Mountain, Archbold, and Lindsay, Rector of Cornwall. Here, for a period of over twenty-five years he laboured and successfully too, following directly in the wake of such great missionary spirits, and contributed largely to make Cornwall the model parish of the Diocese of Ontario in order, liberality and zealous parochial efforts. Whilst Cornwall and the whole of the Diocese of Ontario was a portion of that of Toronto, he was latterly Rural Dean of the Eastern District, which position he continued to hold until the new one of the former was created. Here his zeal and ability were pre-eminent, as in other matters. About fourteen years ago the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, or D. C. L., was conferred upon him by the University of Trinity College, Toronto. In 1871, he was unanimously elected Prolocutor of the Provincial Synod assembling in had previously held the office at each session since its constituMontreal, and in succession to the Rev. Dr. Beaven, of Toronto, who which resulted in the election of the Missionary Bishop of Algotion in 1861. Again, in the special sessions held in 1872 and 1873, ma, he most ably filled the Prolocutor's chair as at first. On the death of the late Rector of Belleville, the Rev. John Grier, M. A., in October, 1871, Archdeacon Patton, was nominated to the Rectory, and he was inducted as such on the 30th of NoOwing to its cheapness, the impure sulphate of iron, ordinarily vember of the same year. During his brief tenure of office in known as copperas, is the most available substance known as a dis- Belleville, the beautiful Grier memorial window in St. Thomas' infectant for sewage, outhouses, etc. The common mistake is in not Church, and the new and elegant ecclesiastical rectory are momenusing it in sufficient quantity. The value of sulphate of iron does not rest, it must be remem-morial Church, in its origination and construction, was one of the toes of his zeal and energy, and the noble Bishop Strachan Mebered, upon theory only, but also upon experiment. In February, latest of his zealous efforts at Cornwall, previous to his leaving 1873, Albert Eckstein published an account of his attempts to dis- it. The foundation stone of this structure was laid in 1869. It infect an outhouse, which was used daily by one hundred persons, is now one of the most stately and beautiful ecclesiastical and the results are so interesting, that they are here transcribed :churches in the Diocese.-Intelligencer. 1. Two pounds of sulphate of iron in solution. After from two to three hours all bad smell had disappeared, but in twelve hours all the influence of the disinfectant was lost.

consumers.

stature.

4. AN AVAILABLE DISINFECTANT.

2. Sulphate of copper in solution, the same.

3. Two pounds of sulphate of iron in crystals; their effects lasted two days.

4. Sulphate of copper, the same.

5. Sulphurous acid in solution rapidly lost its effects, and was ceedingly irritating to the respiratory organs.

6. Two pounds of impure carbolic acid filled the house for two days with such a disagreeable smell, that it was impossible to tell whether the original odor was destroyed or covered up.

7. Two pounds of sulphate of iron in a parchment sack, exerted a disinfecting influence for three full days, and when the ment sack was drawn up, it contained only some dirty, odorless fluid. 8. Two pounds of the best chloride of calcium in the parchment sack disinfected the outhouse for at least nine days.

2. REV. WILLIAM BELL, M.A.

The Rev. William Bell, M.A., was the second son of the late Rev. Andrew Bell, of L'Orignal,- --a well known clergyman of the Church of Scotland in Canada,-whose valuable mineralogical collection, ex-bequeathed to Queen's University, forms one of the most valuable features of the Museum. Mr. Bell was also a brother of Professor Bell, formerly of Queen's University, and of Dr. John Bell, of Montreal, both well-known in Kingston. He was a graduate of Queen's College, but studied Divinity chiefly in Edinburgh, where he carried off high honours in some of his classes. He came out to Canada in parch-1860, as assistant to the late Rev. Dr. Machar, in which capacity he laboured with much acceptance, both in Kingston and its immediate vicinity. On the death of Dr. Machar, he became the first minister of Pittsburgh, then first consolidated into a separate charge, and remained there for some years, much esteemed and beloved. was chiefly through his exertions and energy that the present neat and tasteful church and manse in Pittsburgh were erected. Finding the climate of Canada, however, too severe for his delicate con2. Copperas is the most available disinfectant for ordinary pur- stitution, he felt compelled to leave his charge-to his people's great poses; in certain cases (chiefly for water-closets) chloride of cal-regret-and to return to Scotland. There, for a time, he laboured cium is very good. most unweariedly among the wretched, sunk population of the 3. Carbolic acid is not disinfectant, but antiseptic; and, on ac-"wynds" of Edinburgh, and, eventually, finding that too great a count of its odor, is very disagreeable; further, it is not so efficient strain upon his strength, became minister of Sanquhar, a fine Scotas some other substances for the purpose of killing disease germs, tish parish.-Kingston Chronicle and News. and for the purifying of cholera discharges either a mixture of corrosive sublimate and Labarraque's solution, or copperas in solution or powder, is to be preferred.

In conclusion, to sum up the points:

1. It is useless to attempt to disinfect the atmosphere, and therefore great care should be exercised to destroy, as far as possible, the poison-germs so soon as they leave the body.

IV. Biographical Sketches.

1. ARCHDEACON PATTON, D.D.

3. THE REV. W. MACAULAY.

It

Mr. Macaulay was a native of Kingston, and received his early education at the Cornwall Grammar School, then under the able management of Dr. Strachan, afterwards first Bishop of Toronto, a Seminary that turned out so many men distinguished in Canadian history, and whose industry and ability contributed largely to the The late much lamented Archdeacon Patton was born of English growth and prosperity of this flourishing Province. Afterwards he parentage about the year 1806, in the County of Donegal, Ireland, entered at Queen's College, Oxford, from which college he received and the son of Major Patton of the British army. He came with letters testimonial for Holy Orders. He was ordained on Sunday, his parents at an early age to Canada, and the Patton family set-5th July, 1818, at Fulham Chapel, by the Bishop of London, Dr. Howtled on the Bay of Quinte, in the Township of Adolphustown. ley, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. Immediately after his orHe, in his early years, was educated (in part at least) under the dination he set out for his native Canada, and preached his first serRev. J. Braithwaite, M. A., Rector of Chambly, in the Province of mon aboard ship on the passage. At length he reached Kingston.

The missionary there was the Rev. Dr. Steart. The services had tempting offers to leave the public service, and undertake important been held for a long time in a barrack-room in the old French fort, posts in large commercial enterprises, which offered inducements of but when Mr. Macaulay arrived home, the old wooden church, which great prospective advantage. But this unwillingness to relinquish still lingers in the memories and affections of the older churchmen familiar fields of labour and old associations, kept him where he was. of Kingston, had been built. In this church he assisted Dr. Steart. The public was benefited by this determination; but it may well Mr. Macaulay took the duty on him for the winter. As spring be doubted whether Mr. Todd's private interests would not have opened he set out for Queenston, but on his way thither he stopped been promoted by the change; for we grieve to learn that he has left for a short time at "Muddy Little York," where he had an inter- his family (a widow and five children) very slenderly provided for. view with the Lieut.-Governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, who re- He had effected no insurance upon his life, and was, unhappily for quested him to take the spiritual oversight of the township of himself, a stockholder in the Provincial Insurance Company, a gulf Hamilton, where the Governor wished to form a large emigrant in which a large portion of his hardly-earned savings was swallowed settlement. In compliance with the Governor's wish, he settled in up. In 1862 he published a very useful manual upon Private Bill that place in the early part of the year 1819. The few straggling Practice, which has gone through several editions. He also found shanties then struggling into a village, he called Cobourg, in honour time, during the intervals of official labour, from 1841 to the present of Leopold, the husband of the Princess Charlotte, of Wales, so that time, to compile General Indexes to the Journals and documents pretty little lake town is indebted to him for its name. Nor must of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, from 1825 to 1840; we omit to mention that on his way to Toronto he preached and and of the Legislative Assembly Journals from 1842 to 1851, and baptised at Meyer's Creek, now the rapidly growing town of Belle- from 1852 to the confederation of Canada in 1866. These large ville. The people there urged him to remain, and to induce him volumes are, in themselves, a lasting record of his industry and still more, began to build a brick church, on the site of which ability, and are of the highest possible utility to our public men. stands now the stately church of St. Thomas. In that brick church In his private relations, Mr. Alfred Todd was most exemplary--a the Rev. Mr. Campbell, first rector of Belleville, officiated all his warm-hearted and faithful friend, ever ready to extend a helping days. He remained at Cobourg until the 1st March, 1827, during hand to others, and to assist, by advice or co-operation, all who which period he formed large congregations at Cobourg, Port Hope, sought his aid.-Ottawa Times. Cramahe, Haldemand, &c. He built the first church in Cobourg As a proof of the high estimation in which his scholarly and genial qualities were held in high quarters, he received the appointment of Chaplain to the Upper House or Legislative Council. At length, after obtaining the approval and consent of Dr. Jacob Mountain, Bishop of Quebec, he removed to Hallowell, on the 27th March, 1827. To the rising village, on the banks of the beautiful Bay of Quinté, he gave the name of Picton-a name which it is likely long When about 25 years of age he settled in Portland, where he conto retain. Far different was its aspects then from its present ap- tinued to reside till last fall. When he went there that part of the pearance. Tecumseth Ward was then a dense unbroken forest, country was almost a wilderness, although now it is one of the finest lofty pines and gigantic elms raised their towering heads where now sections about Kingston. By industry, strict economy, and good stands the Rectory, the Court House and the R. C. Church. Un-judgment, he succeeded in his vocation, and soon becoming an exder great difficulties and obstacles, sometimes of the most vexatious tensive and model farmer, he was enabled to secure a large quantity character, he began and finished a brick church at his sole expense. of land, which, under his management and good taste, became one At the Carrying Place he held occasional services, and with the co- of the finest country homesteads in the Province. operation of Messrs. Wilkins, Bullock, and Young, he built the first church there. He also formed congregations at Wellington and Gerow's Gore. To the western part of the county, the Rev. Mr. Grier, the late Rector of Belleville, was sent, and consequently Mr. Macaulay's labours were now confined to Picton and the eastern part of the county. He is gone to his rest, amid the regrets and esteem of the people of Picton and the surrounding country, among whom he ministered for forty-seven years.-Picton Gazette.

4. A. B. DANA, Esq.

The deceased gentleman was born in Rensem, N. Y., on the 5th of April, 1809. At the age of 21 he came to Brockville to take charge of the tanning business belonging to a brother of the late Mr. Isaac Beecher. After being in Canada a short time, he gave notice to leave, and intended to return to his native place; but Providence ordered otherwise, and he remained in Canada. Mr. Dana was never a drone in public matters. Zealous, and with an active farseeing mind, he was a leader among the people, and a firm, consistent friend to the Reform party. To show the respect in which he was held by his fellow-citizens, we may state that he was elected to the Mayoralty three times, and served as a member of the Town Council for many years, and at the time of his death was still a member of the Council for the Centre Ward.-Brockville Recorder.

5. ALFRED TODD, ESQ.

6. DENIS LAKE, ESQ.

Denis Lake was born in the year 1808, on lot 22, on the 4th concession of Ernestown; and the house in which he was born, though a frame one, is still standing and occupied.

Mr. Lake furnishes a good example to young men, by showing that one can go into the woods with his axe on his shoulder, and a determination to succeed, as his only stock in trade, and in the course of a lifetime become one of the wealthiest men of his locality and times.-Kingston News.

7. MR. WILLIAM DAVISON.

The deceased, one of the oldest settlers in the township of Ernestown, was a native of Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1819, bringing with him a wife and two children. After working a short time in Quebec and Montreal, he moved to Kingston. In the year 1821 he settled on lot 41, in the 5th concession of Ernestown, then a wilderness, where he resided till he died, respected by all with whom he came in contact. stand that Mr. Davison was one of the oldest Free Masons in the county.

8. JACOB KEEFER, ESQ.

We under

The deceased was the second son of the late George Keefer, (one of the U. E. Loyalists who came to this country from New Jersey,) and was born in Thorold Nov. 8, 1800. With the exception of two or three years, all his life was passed in the place of his birth. Early in life he entered a drug store in Erie, Penn., but soon abandoned the business for more active pursuits. Returning to Canada, he began business as a general merchant, carrying on business at times at Mud Creek, Beaver Dam, the Deep Cut, and The announcement of the decease of Mr. Alfred Todd will, no Thorold. In 1826 he received his commission as Post-master, doubt, grieve a great many persons throughout the Dominion of which he held until 1832, when his brother Peter received the Canada, known for forty years past as a most energetic and efficient appointment, and continued therein until 1851, when again he republic servant. Mr Todd's loss is a loss to the community at large. sumed the duties of the office which he faithfully discharged until He first entered public life in the employ of the House of Assembly the time of his death. In 1837 he held an appointment as Captain of Upper Canada, shortly after the Union of the Provinces, and in in the Militia, and acted under Col. Kerby in the operations 1841 organized the Department of Private Bills of the Legislative against McKenzie on Grand Island. After this he engaged exAssembly of Canada, which office he gradually developed into pri- tensively in the lumber trade, and subsequently in milling, which mary importance, through his zeal, efficiency, and unwearied in- proved financially disastrous. In 1846 he built the large Welland dustry. No one who has sat in the Canadian Parliament, and who Mills in Thorold, now owned by Howland & Co. The last twenty has had experience in forwarding Private Bills through the Legisla- years of his life were spent in comparative quiet. Though never ture, could be ignorant of the value of Mr. Todd's services. So an active politician, he held to the principles of the Reform party. highly appreciated were they by business men with whom he was He was a member of the W. M. Church for the last 33 years, and brought into official contact, that from time to time he received died trusting in his Saviour.-St. Catharines Journal,

V. Monthly Report on Meteorology of the Province of Ontario.

seen 21st.

15th. Rain 14th, 15th, 19th, 20th, 25th. First steamboat entered harbour The Rev. Canon Cromwell: I must dissent entirely from that for the season on 14th, and first schooner 20th. Lake clear of ice so far as view. (Renewed laughter.) STRATFORD.--Lightning 14th. Wind storms 2nd, 5th, 11th, 19th, 20th. Fog 7th, 18th. Snow 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 11th, 25th. Rain 14th, 20th. Millpond free from ice 18th. Mean monthly temperature lower -9°.17 than average April 13 years.

HAMILTON.-Lightning and thunder with rain 20th. Snow 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 17th, 25th. Rain 14th, 15th, 20th, 25th.

SIMCOE.-Wind storm 14th. Rain 14th, 15th, 20th, 21st.
WINDSOR.-Meteor W. towards H. 12th, N. to H. 17th, N.E. to N. 18th.
Well defined solar halo 28th. Wind storms 3rd, 14th, 20th, 28th. Fog
7th. Snow 3rd, 5th, 11th, 23rd, 30th. Rain 14th, 19th, 20th, 25th.

VI. Education in Various Countries.

1. BOOK AND STATIONERY STORE, LONDON.

At a meeting of the London School Board, held on the 10th June, the Rev. J. Rodgers moved, on a former report of the School Management Committee :—

1. That it is desirable that the Board should give notice to the Agents, Messrs. Hamilton, Adams, and Company, of their intention to terminate the existing contract at Christmas, 1874.

2. That it is desirable that the Board should establish a store in charge of a superintendent, the said superintendent to receive and distribute books, apparatus, &c., and that it be referred back to the School Management Committee to consider and report upon the necessary arrangements.

Miss Chessar said the idea of the committee was simply to form a store such as a housekeeper would form of articles in constant use in her household.

Mr. Francis Peek asked whether the committee had considered whether the expenditure would not be greater than the saving. He hoped this proposal would not increase the general expenditure of the Board.

Mr. Morgan suggested that the result desired might probably be obtained by competition of a number of wholesale houses.

Mr. Heller said that the voluntary schools had a store in the National Society. There was no wish to establish a house for the sale of books, but simply a warehouse from which books bought of the publishers might be despatched. He felt persuaded that it would not only be a convenience to the schools, but that there would be an actual saving, and there would also be a guarantee that the articles supplied were equal to the samples.

Mr. Lucraft suggested that the store should also be made to include school desks and other furniture, expressing an opinion that for want of inspection some of the furniture already supplied was simply disgraceful.

The Rev. E. Daniel said that the question was not so much one of economy as promptitude. He cited cases in which stores applied for, had been delayed for many months. He reminded the Board also that if the proposal was carried out there would be a guarantee for the quality of the materials which they did not possess at present. Another point to be considered was the injustice done to many publishers by the selection of only one through whom the books used by the Board had to be passed. He thought it impossible to carry out Mr. Lucraft's proposal, but the inspection of furniture might be done by the clerk of the works or under the superintendence of the architect.

He said there was no suggestion of any fault to be found with the present agents; but it would be more convenient for the Board to establish their own store. The subject had been carefully considered, and Mr. Waugh had gone fully into it. Mr. Waugh, although he had attended the Board in the earlier part of the day, had been obliged to leave owing to ill-health, and would probably Mr. Heal agreed with Mr. Rodgers' proposal, but could not be absent some months, when he (Mr. Rodgers) hoped would advise the Board to establish a furniture warehouse. (Laughter.) return thoroughly restored. (Hear, hear.) There were many Mr. Lovell said that as the requisitions from the schools were reasons for establishing a store. At present great delay was ex-made quarterly he did not think the work at the store need be very perienced in getting the requisitions from the schools fulfilled, and heavy, especially as the value of the articles required by each school in some cases the quality of the goods was found inferior to the would not exceed £25 or £30 a year. sample. There was at present no means of testing the quality of Mr. Watson having in a feeling manner expressed his great regret the goods supplied to the schools. If they had their own stores that Mr. Waugh had been stricken down by illness, referred in very they would purchase wholesale, and the superintendent would test high terms to the energy which that gentleman had displayed in the quality of the goods received. Moreover, it would be a great carrying out any work for the Board. He said that having been convenience to the School Management Committee to have a store engaged for upwards of thirty years in a somewhat important branch department. The despatch of goods would be quicker. It might of the business, he could only say that after Mr. Rodgers had had be objected to on the score of expense, but this point had been carefully calculated, and the sub-committee were satisfied that a saving on the present system could be effected. Of course if the resolutions were agreed to, the details would be brought before the Board.

Mr. Tabrum second the motions.

Mr. Lafone suggested that when the schools were thoroughly established there would not be so large a quantity of books and apparatus required, and he asked whether that point had been con

sidered.

experience of the working of this depot he would probably come out
of it a wiser if not a better man. (Laughter.) He anticipated not
much economy and not a little trouble, but he hoped his fears might
be disappointed, and that Mr. Rodgers's hopes might be fulfilled.
The Rev. J. Rodgers said the figures had been gone
very carefully, and that it was anticipated that the expenses would
not be very great, but that the saving would be very large.
The motions were then agreed to.-School Board Chronicle.

2. RUGBY SCHOOL.

into

Mr. Freeman said no doubt the present method of proceeding required to be reformed; inasmuch as it was hardly right to give a monopoly to one firm. At the same time the proposal now made The change in the head mastership of Rugby (Eng.) school has was no small matter. There must be a special staff and a very been greatly to the advantage of that institution. The new schollarge outlay; and the question was whether the saving to be effected ars who have entered the current term are four times as many would cover the expenditure. He had some doubt whether the as those retiring. This increase has enabled the new headmaster Board could satisfactorily work such an establishment, but probably to take back the assistant masters dismissed by Dr. Hayman. Mr. Mr. Watson could give some sound advice on the matter. Scott, who was the worst-used of the late headmaster's victims, has not only been replaced, but by the unanimous request of the other assistants he has been restored to his old position of seniority.

The Rev. Canon Gregory said no doubt a store would be a considerable convenience, but there were was a danger lest the Board, having an establishment of the kind, might not feel disposed to publish on their own account, and become school booksellers. (Cries of "No, no.")

3. NOTES ON EDUCATION.

Mr. Tabrum said it was the fact of the large number of schools which the Board would eventually have, which induced the comWashington is complaining of constant changes in text books. mittee to agree to this proposal. A very large establishment would The gifts made during the past year to the Agassiz Museum of not be required. It was shown to the sub-committee that there Comparative Zoology at Harvard amounted to nearly $176,000. would be a saving in money and also an increase in the quality of The subscription for a permanent memorial of Professor Agassiz, the goods supplied. The committee did not propose to go into the to be presented to the museum upon its birthday, already amounts business of selling books to outsiders, although there were some to nearly $100,000. books of their own he thought they might publish. (Laughter.) The Rev. Dr. Irons asked whether voluntary schools were to be regarded as "outsiders," or whether they would have access to the store on the same terms as the Board schools. (Cries of "No, no.") He contended that the School Board were not intended merely to manage their own schools, but that as the visitors sent children into the voluntary schools, so the benefits of the store might be accorded to the voluntary schools. (Laughter.)

A very reasonable protest is made by the San Francisco Post against the presentation of testimonials to teachers by their pupils, often involve a cruel drag at the pockets of poor but proud parents. and also against expensive dressing at school commencements. Both Boston is to have a new English High and Latin school building, which is estimated to cost $450,000. Premiums will be paid for the best four plans submitted, these being severally $1,000, $800,