SERPENT CHARMERS. FINAL JUDGMENT. Weighing a Soul. Judgment and FUTURE DESTINY. Sarcophagus of Alexander EGYPTIAN DRESSER AND POTS. British Museum Wilkinson 202 203 205 206 207 210 From an Original Sketch EMBLEMATICAL HEADPIECE. ASSYRIA. Sargent THE CASPIAN SEA. Sargent ASSYRIAN WARRIORS HUNTING THE LION. North-West Palace, Nimroud 211 PORTRAIT OF ESAR-HADDON. Assyrian Sculptures. British Museum 214 TAKHT-I-BOSTAN. Sargent ANCIENT KINGS. Sculptures at Persepolis SEPULCHRES IN ROCKS AT NAKSH-I-RUSTAM. Sir R. K. Porter BEHISTUN. Sargent 297 299 300 391 ISPAHAN. Sargent 303 PERSIAN KING ON HIS THRONE. From a Persian Painting PERSIAN COUNSELLORS BEFORE THE KING. Sculptures at Persepolis PRINCES OF PERSIA. Sculptures at Persepolis 325 Composition HEAD DRESSES AND NECK CHAINS. Sculptures at Persepolis CASTLE OF TYRIDATES. Sargent TREADING ON THE NECK. Sculptures at Persepolis BEDOUIN BATTLE. DAMASCUS ANCIENT PERSIAN NOBLE ON HORSEBACK. Sir R. K. Porter SUPPLIANT BEFORE A PERSIAN MONARCH. Sculptures at Persepolis SOURCE OF THE SCAMANDER, MOUNT IDA. Sargent PERSIAN OFFICER. Sculptures at Persepolis DELPHI, WITH THE ORACULAR CAVE. Sargent THEMISTOCLES. AJAX, HECTOR, AND PATROCLUS. Panof. Bild. Antik. Leb. ENEAS ESCAPING FROM TROY. Roman Coin MOUNT LEBANON AND CEDARS TYRE ANCIENT COSTUMES. Sargent CATAPULTA, FOR DISCHARGING ARROWS [Eastern Inn or Caravansary Sir R. K. Porter.] EARLY ORIENTAL HISTORY. INTRODUCTORY. THE ethnographical chart contained in the tenth chapter of Origin of Genesis, presents a broad and interesting field of investigation. It Nations. carries us back to a dim and remote era-when colonization was rapid and extensive, and the princes of successive bands of emigrants gave their names to the countries which they seized, occupied, and divided among their followers. This ancient record has not the aspect of a legend which has risen no one can tell how, and received amplification and adornment in the course of ages. It is neither a confused nor an unintelligible statement. Its sobriety vouches for its accuracy. As its genealogy is free from extravagance, and as it presents facts without the music and fiction of poetry, it must not be confounded with Grecian and oriental myth, which is so shadowy, contradictory, and baseless-a region of grotesque and cloudy phantoms, where Phylarchs are exalted into demigods, born of Nymph or Nereid, and claiming some Stream or River for their sire. The founders of nations appear in such fables as giants of superhuman form or wandering and reckless outcasts and adventurers, exhibiting in their nature a confused mixture of divine and human attributes, and the very names of Ouranos, Okeanos, Kronos, and Gaea, the occupants of this illusory Cloud-land, prove their legendary character. In this chapter there is, on the other hand, nothing that lifts itself above vulgar humanity, nothing that might not, nothing that did not happen in those distant and primitive epochs. The world must have been peopled by tribes that gave themselves and their respective regions those several names which they have borne for so many ages; and what certainly did thus occur, may have taken place in the method sketched in these Mosaic annals. No other account is more likely, or presents fewer difficulties; and if we credit the inspiration of the writer of it, we shall not only receive it as authentic, but be grateful for the information which it contains. Modern ethnology does not contradict it. Many of the B Early proper names occurring on this roll, remain unchanged as the appellation of races and kingdoms. Others are found in the plural or dual number, proving that they bear a personal and national reference,1 and a third class have that peculiar termination, which in Hebrew usage signifies a sept or tribe.2 The general truths contained in this biblical statement have woven Tradition. themselves into the traditions of all the eastern nations. Arabia, India, Persia, and China are replete with them. Their people believe in an early tripartite occupation of the world,—the sons of Ham passing southward from the region of the Caucasus to the distant extremities of western Asia and into burning Africa-those of Shem lingering about the Euphrates and the central portions of the Asiatic continent-while the race of Japhet colonized the northern plains of Asia, marched over to the Grecian Isles, and thence to the European territory. Much exists in features, colour, history, and language corroborative of this first and brief fragment of geography and statistics. "By these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood "- -"after their families, after their tongues, in their lands.”3 We cannot identify every portion of the chart, but we are at no loss in recognizing all its leading divisions. The following table is based on the researches of Bochart, Rosenmüller, Michaelis, Tuch, Gesenius, Pott, von Bohlen, Winer, and other scholars, and its conclusions are strengthened by the recent deductions of comparative philology, and the advanced results of physiological investigation and discovery. phical Chart. JAPHETHITES. Ethnogra- I. GOMER: Cimmerians north of the Black Sea. Kupigio, Diodorus Siculus, v. 32. Homer Odyss. xi. 14. Βόσπορος Κιμμέριος, Herodot. iv. 100. By a common transposition of letters, the name may be realized in the term Crimea. Tuch's Kommentar über die Genesis 205. To the same source may be traced the Cimbri of ancient Jutland, and the Celtic nations, who called themselves by the cognate term Kymr. Related to them are, 1. Ashkenaz: perhaps between Armenia and the Black Sea. The Hebrew term scarcely disguised may be found in the former name of the Black Sea, vivos, or, as Pliny says, Pontus Euxinus, quondam Axenus, iv. 24. 2. Riphath: the inhabitants of the Riphæan Mountains. 'Pina Mundus ut ad Scythiam, Rhipaeasque arduus arces |