the proceedings thereon shall be in secret, unless the injunction of secrecy be removed by a vote of the Senate.

43. A motion to take from the table shall not be in order unless the bill, resolution or other matter proposed to be taken up would be appropriate for consideration under the order of business then in hand, as prescribed by rules thirty-one and thirty-two.

VII. ORDER AND DECORUM

44. While the President is reporting or putting any question, or the Clerk is reporting a bill or calling the roll, or a Senator is addressing the chair, strict order shall be observed. No Senator or other person shall give audible expression to his or her approval or disapproval of any proceeding before the Senate.

45. If words be spoken in debate that give offense, exception thereto shall be taken the same day, and be stated in writing; and in such case, if the words be decided by the President, or by the Senate, upon an appeal to be offensive, and they be not explained or retracted by the Senator who uttered them, he shall be subject to such action as the Senate may deem necessary.

VIII. ASCERTAINING THE QUESTION

46. A motion for a second reading, and a motion for committing the bill, may be submitted at the same time; but the question upon these motions shall be put separately if required by any Senator.

47. Any Senator may call for a division of the question, which shall be divided if it comprehend propositions so distinct in substance that, one being taken away, a substantive proposition shall remain for the decision of the Senate; and a motion to strike out, being lost, shall preclude neither amendment nor a motion to insert, nor a motion to strike out and insert.

48. When a question is pending, no motion shall be received but to adjourn, to pass by, for the pending question, for the previous question, to lie on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to adjourn the question to a different day, to commit or amend; which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they are arranged.

IX. THE PENDING AND PREVIOUS QUESTION

49. Upon a motion for the pending question, seconded by a majority of the Senators present, indicated by a rising or by a recorded vote, the President shall immediately put the pending question; and all incidental questions of order arising after a motion for the pending question is made, and pending such motion, shall be decided, whether on appeal or otherwise, without debate.

50. Upon a motion for the previous question, seconded by a majority of the Senators present, indicated by a rising or by a recorded vote, the President shall immediately put the question, first upon amendments in the order prescribed in the rules, and then upon the main question. If the previous question be not ordered, debate may continue as if the motion had not been made.

X. TAKING THE VOTE

51. Every Senator present, when any question is put or vote taken, shall vote, or be counted as voting on one side or the other, except in case of pairs, as hereinafter provided for; but no Senator shall vote on a question in the event he is immediately or personally interested. Pairs upon any question pending may be made and entered upon the journal, and in such cases shall be announced immediately upon completion of the roll

call, and before the announcement of its result. Pairs may be general or special. General pairs shall extend to and include all motions, amendments or other proceedings in aid of or against the question pending, and which is the subject of the pairs. Special pairs shall depend in their scope upon the agreement between the Senators making the same, but in the absence of a specific agreement, the presumption shall be conclusive that the pairs are general. The Senator announcing a pair shall be counted as present for the purpose of establishing a quorum.

52. Every question shall be first put in the affirmative, and then in the negative, and the President shall declare whether the yeas or nays have it; which declaration shall stand as the judgment of the Senate unless a Senator call for a division, in which event the President shall divide the Senate.

53. When the yeas and nays are ordered, or a call of the Senate is directed, the names of the Senators shall be called in alphabetical order.

54. No Senator shall be allowed to vote unless he be present within the chamber at the time the Senate is being divided, or before a determination of the question upon a call of the roll.

XI. DEBATE

55. When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate, he shall rise from his seat, and without advancing, with due respect, address "Mr. President," confining himself strictly to the point in debate, and avoiding all disrespectful language.

56. No member shall speak more than twice on the same subject, without leave of the Senate; nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken.

57. No question shall be debated until it has been propounded by the President, and then the mover shall have a right to explain his views in preference to any Senator.

58. When the President is putting a question any Senator who has not spoken before to the matter may speak to the question before the negative is put.

59. During any debate any Senator, though he has spoken to the matter, may rise and speak to the orders of the Senate if they be transgressed, in case the President do not; but if the President stand up at any time, he is the first to be heard, and while he is up, Senators must keep their seats.

60. No Senator shall be allowed to be interrupted while speaking, except on points of order, to correct erroneous statements, or to answer any questions that may be propounded by the Senator speaking.

61. Motions to adjourn; lay on the table; for the pending question; for the previous question; to suspend the rules; to take from the table; to take up orders of the day; to close debate; to limit debate; to extend limit of debate; to read papers; to reconsider questions not debatable, shall not be debated; but upon a motion to suspend a rule, or take from the table, to lay on the table, or take up orders of the day, the mover shall be allowed five minutes to state the reasons for his motion, and one member opposed to the motion shall be allowed a like time to object. And when a question not debatable is before the Senate, all incidental questions arising after it is stated shall be decided and settled, whether on appeal or otherwise, without debate; and the same rule shall apply to all incidental questions arising after any question is put to the house.

XII. RECONSIDERATION

62. A question being once determined must stand as the judgment of the Senate, and cannot during the same session be drawn again into debate. No motion to reconsider a question which has been decided, shall

be entertained unless it be made by a Senator voting with the prevailing side, nor unless made on the same day on which the vote was taken or within the two next days of actual session of the Senate thereafter; provided, however, that when any question is decided in the negative simply for the want of a majority of the whole Senate, any Senator who was absent from the city of Richmond or detained from his seat by sickness at the time of the vote sought to be reconsidered may move its reconsideration.

XIII. PETITIONS

63. No petition of a private nature, having been once rejected, shall be acted on a second time, unless it be supported by new evidence; nor shall any such petition after a third disallowance, be again acted on. The several clerks of committees shall keep alphabetical lists of all such petitions, specifying the session at which they were presented and the determination of the Senate thereon, and shall deliver the original petition to the Clerk of the Senate to be preserved in his office.

64. No petition shall be received claiming a sum of money or praying the settlement of unliquidated accounts, unless it be accompanied with the certificate of disallowance from the executive or auditor containing the reason why it was rejected.

65. When any such petition, or bill founded on one, is rejected, such petition shall not be withdrawn; but the petitioner, or Senator presenting his petition, or any Senator from the county or corporation in which the petitioner resides, may, without leave, withdraw any document filed therewith; and a list of all documents so withdrawn shall be preserved by the Clerk. All petitions not finally acted on may, with the accompanying docu-ments, be in like manner withdrawn after the expiration of the session at which they were presented.

66. No petition shall be read in the Senate unless particularly requested by some Senator, but every Senator presenting one shall announce the name of the petitioner, nature of the application, and whether, in his opinion, a similar application had been before made by said petitioner. He shall also endorse on the back of the petition his own name as a pledge that it is drawn in respectful language; whereupon it shall be delivered to the Clerk by whom it shall be laid before the proper committee.

XIV. SUSPENSION OF RULES

67. Any rules of the Senate may, except where otherwise provided by the Constitution of the State of Virginia, be suspended by a vote of twothirds of the members-elect.

XV. CONSTRUCTION OF RULES

68. In the construction of the foregoing rules, reference shall first be had to Jefferson's Manual and the Digest of the Rules of the Congress of the United States.

XVI

69. All committee meetings shall be held in public, and a recorded vote of members upon each measure shall be taken, and the number voting for or against reported on the bill; provided, however, that executive sessions may be held at the descretion of the committee upon a recorded vote.

The President announced that the next business in order was the election of officers of the Senate; whereupon MR. FERGUSON nominated as President pro tempore of the Senate, SAXON W. HOLT. There being no further nominations, the roll was called with the following result:

For SAXON W. HOLT...

Senators who voted are:

..37

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement, Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Goode, Gunn, Haddon, Jeffreys, Johnson, Lambeth, Layman, Lesner, Mills, Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C., Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Stubbs, Swank, Thompson, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-37.

MR. HOLT, having received all of the votes cast, was declared duly elected President pro tempore of the Senate.

The next business in order being the election of Clerk of the Senate. MR. WOODSON nominated for that office, O. V. HANGER, of Amherst county. There being no further nominations, the roll was called with the following result:

For O. V. Hanger...

Senators who voted are:

.38

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement, Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Goode, Gunn. Haddon. Holt, Jeffreys, Johnson, Lambeth, Lyman, Lesner, Mills, Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C., Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Stubbs, Swank, Thompson, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-38.

O. V. Hanger, having received all of the votes cast, was declared duly elected Clerk of the Senate for the ensuing term. Mr. Hanger came forward, and the Lieutenant-Governor administered to him the oath prescribed by law.

The next business in order being the election of the Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate, MR. MILLS nominated for that office, A. C. Harmon, of Richmond city. There being no further nominatons, the roll was called with the following result:

For A. C. Harmon.

Senators who voted are:

..38

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement. Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Goode, Gunn, Haddon, Holt, Jeffreys, Johnson, Lambeth, Layman, Lesner, Mills. Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C.. Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Stubbs, Swank, Thompson, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-38.

A. C. Harmon, having received all of the votes cast, was declared duly elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate for the ensuing term.

The next business in order being the election of a doorkeeper, MR. AMES nominated Roland A. Wise, of Northampton county. There being no further nominations, the roll was called with the following result:

For Roland A. Wise...

Senators who voted are:

.36

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement, Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Goode, Gunn, Haddon, Holt, Jeffreys, Johnson, Lambeth, Layman, Lesner, Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C., Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Stubbs, Swank, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-36.

Roland A. Wise, having received all of the votes cast, was declared duly elected doorkeeper of the Senate for the ensuing term.

The next business in order being the election of an assistant doorkeeper, MR. EARLY nominated D. M. Pattie, of Madison county. There being no further nominations, the roll was called with the following result:

For D. M. Pattie...

Senators who voted are:

..36

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement, Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Gunn, Haddon, Holt, Jeffreys, Johnson, Lambeth, Layman, Lesner, Mills, Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C., Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Stubbs, Swank, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-36.

D. M. Pattie, having received all of the votes cast, was declared duly elected assistant doorkeeper of the Senate for the ensuing term.

The next business in order being the election of a doorkeeper of the gallery of the Senate, MR. HADDON nominated James J. Walsh, of Richmond city. There being no further nominations, the roll was called with the following result:

For James J. Walsh..

Senators who voted are:

34

YEAS-Messrs. Ames, Ball, Barksdale, Barron, Beaty, Booker, Buchanan, Byrd, Clement, Crockett, Downing, Early, East, Epes, Ferguson, Garrett, Gunn, Haddon, Holt, Jeffreys, Layman, Lesner, Mills, Noell, Parsons, Rogers, Smith, Alfred C., Smith, W. Worth, Jr., Swank, Thompson, Vaughan, Wickham, Woodson and Workman-34.

James J. Walsh, having received all of the votes cast, was