6

4

parte di Atene by M. di Martino Fusco 1 is of no importance. W. Ensslin's Die Ackergesetzgebung seit Ti. Gracchus im Kampfe der politischen Parteien is a superficial sketch which is not always well informed. G. Porzio has produced a survey of recent work on the Gracchi. M. N. Tod in Three Notes on Appian elucidates B.C. I, 16, 3; 54, I; 54, 2; and in B.C. I. 94, 1 W. Ensslin would read autóv Tε Kai Nwpẞavóv. More important is A. v. Domaszewski's τε καὶ Νωρβανόν. • Bellum Marsicum, a minute piece of work which clears up several small obscurities. H. Bennett's Cinna and his Times' has been not unfavourably reviewed, but in the manner much affected now by American and Italian books it was safely out of print before news of its publication had arrived. Der Diktator Sulla und die heutige Zeit by P. Leutwein may be neglected. E. Staaf's Tribuni Aerarii is in Swedish. Comments on S.E.G. I, 161 (the alleged lex Gabinia) come from M. Cary 1o and A. Levi. 11 H. A. Ormerod writes on The Distribution of Pompeius' Forces in the Campaign of 67.1 E. G. Hardy has republished his long article from J.R.S., 1917, as The Catilinarian Conspiracy in its Context, 13 and the majority of his other papers have been collected in a single volume with the title Some Problems in Roman History. 1 L. G. Pocock has an attractive interpretation of Cic. de Domo 40, with remarks on Clodius as the consistent tool of Caesar against Pompeius, in P. Clodius and the Acts of Caesar. 15 Useful historical notes are to be found in

1 Μουσεῖον, 1923.

8

12

2 Neue Jahrb., 1924.

4 C.Q., 1924.

6 Abh. Wien. Akad., 1924; IS.

• Strena philologica Upsal., Upsala, 1922. 10 C.R., 1924.

12 Liv. Ann. X.

11 Riv. Fil., 1924.

13 Oxford: Blackwell, 115 pp.; 7s. 6d.

14 Oxford: Clarendon Press, xi. +330 pp.; 18s. 15 C.Q., 1924.

1

4

M. Tulli Cic. De Prov. cons. Or. ad Sen. edited by H. E. Butler and M. Cary. R. Cahen's Examen critique de quelques passages du pro Milone should be noticed for its observations on the laws involved in §§11 and 15. R. Heinze's Ciceros "Staat" als politische Tendenzschrift3 argues against Meyer and others that the Tendenz is aristocratic and not towards monarchy. Eine politische Tendenzschrift aus Caesars Zeit by M. Pohlenz, on the other hand, finds a document of this kind behind Dionys. Ant. II., 7-29. C. Saunders in The Political Sympathies of Servius Sulpicius Rufus attacks the view which regards that individual as Caesarian. Bellum Helveticum: Eine Caesar-Studie by E. Täubler deals with the war, largely from the Gallic side: it is an interesting book. L. A. Constans in Les Débuts de la lutte entre César et Vercingétorix has good remarks on Caes. B.G. VII., 11-16; but M. Clerc's Marseille et Jules César is merely an attempt, with the assistance of Lucan, to show Caesar in the wrong. In Domitianae Cohortes W. W. How criticizes T. Rice Holmes (Rom. Rep. III., pp. 369-371) and prefers to read II. for III. in Caes. B.C. I., 30, 2. Sallust als politischer Publizist-an article by O. Gebhardt 10-suggests Asconius as source of the Sallustlife published by A. Kurfess (Sall. B.J. ed. JacobsWirz (11th. ed.): Berlin, Weidmann, 1922) from the edition of Pomponius Laetus. At this point lack of space compels me to bring this catalogue to an end, though not without a mention of one more article and of one which is quite outstanding, Die Tafel von Heraclea und die Acta Caesaris, by A. v. Premerstein. 11 A greater service than this

1 Oxford: Clarendon Press, 110 pp.; 4s. 6d.

• Rev. Ét. anc., 1923.

4 Hermes, 1924.

3 Hermes, 1924.

5 C.R., 1923.

• Zürich: Sedwyla, 1924, 168 pp.; 7s. 6d.

7 Mus. belge, 1923.

• C.Q., 1924.

8 Mus. belge, 1923.

10 Phil. Woch, 1923, Col. 789ff.

11 Zeit. Sav.-Stift., xliii., Rom. Abt.

it would be hard to find among the many which that scholar has rendered to the study of Roman history. The author begins with a detailed examination of the document which, which, besides establishing again the conclusion that it is of Caesarian date, throws much light on several minor points; next he collects the evidence for legislation from 46 to 44 B.C.; and finally he concludes that here we have a farrago of measures left half-prepared by Julius and issued between 3rd June and 9th October 44 by Antonius and P. Dolabella under the authority of a lex Antonia de actis Caesaris confirmandis.

HUGH LAST.

V

GREEK AND ROMAN RELIGION, 1923-241

THE twelve months covered by this article have seen the publication of two or three books of real importance and several smaller ones of merit; the death of one of the best-known students of this subject, Bouché-Leclerq; and the revival of a good custom interrupted by the war.

In October, 1923, the first International Congress of the History of Religion since the beginning of the war was held at Paris. The attendance was large, and many papers of great interest were read in the various sections; the only serious ground for regret in connection with the whole affair was the very poor showing made by the British Empire, which had but seven official representatives in all, and presented only four papers, fewer than those contributed by Poland. It is to be hoped that the next Congress, which will possibly be held in Italy, will be better attended from this country.

Among the books which have appeared the first place must be given to the monumental work of Prof. von Duhn, Italische Gräberkunde (Vol. I., Heidelberg, 1924). It is not too much to say that for anyone to write about the burial customs of ancient Italy and the beliefs connected with them, without constant reference to this immense storehouse of carefully-arranged facts, will be sheer impertinence for many years to come. The first volume covers the archaeological evidence of the Italic races,

1 While professedly covering the period from June, 1923, to June, 1924, this review will include a few references to works of an earlier date which for one reason or another were not available till after the last volume of Y.W. was written.

from Palaeolithic times onwards; the second will deal with the invading peoples, Etruscans, Greeks, Kelts, etc.

Another book of considerable size and importance, but only partly germane to the present subject, is the volume of essays presented to Sir Wm. Ramsay, 1 which contains, among other articles, an excellent monograph by J. Keil, Die Kulte Lydiens; and others by B. Pace (Diana Pergaea), W. Arkwright (Lycian Epitaphs), and W. M. Calder (Epigraphy of Anatolian Heresies). Mention must also be made of the fifth and last volume of S. Reinach's Cultes, Mythes et Religions, which contains a number of articles, notably those on the Eleusinian Mysteries and allied matters, of interest to a student of ancient religion. Yet another large work is A. S. Pease's elaborate edition of Cicero de diuinatione (Urbana, Illinois; Bk. II., pt. I, appeared in 1923), which is packed with relevant information.

The series begun by the American Academy at Rome, mentioned in last year's review (Y.W., p. 52) is continuing satisfactorily. Prof. L. R. Taylor contributes the second volume, Local Cults in Etruria (Rome, 1923), which contains not only abundance of facts but a good selection of theories with some vigorous criticism. In this connection an Italian work of merit may be named, G. Giannelli's Culti e miti della magna Grecia (Firenze, 1924).

A new corpus began to be published this year, Diehl's Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae ueteres (Fasc. I., Berlin, 1924), which, as it includes many inscriptions of doubtful orthodoxy, and some whose claim to be Christian at all is none too solid, cannot be neglected by students of

1 Anatolian Studies presented to Sir W. M. Ramsay; Manchester, 1923 (not available till 1924).

2 Mention should be made also of Prof. Calder's monographs Philadelphia and Montanism(= Bull. of John Rylands Library, Aug., 1923), and of a course of lectures delivered by him at Aberystwyth on the Christian epigraphy of Asia Minor, to be published subsequently in book form.