Earth and Rockfill Dam Engineering |
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amount analysis angle base becomes blanket boundary cause cent clay cohesionless cohesive compaction compression computed consolidation construction core cracks curve cut-off density depends deposits depth determined developed diameter downstream drain earth earth dam effective embankment employed engineering equal excavation face factor failure filter flow force foundation friction given grain gravel ground grout hole horizontal increase internal layers less limit line of seepage load mass materials maximum measured method MICHIGAN moisture movement necessary occurs particles permeability placed plane plastic possible pressure prevent produce reduce resistance rock rockfill sample sand saturated seepage settlement shear shell shown in Fig side silt similar slope soil stability stratum strength stress structure surface Table termed thickness types UNIVERSITY upstream usually values vertical void ratio volume wall weight width zone