authorities of "St. Joseph's College," and all the property, claims, and franchises of the former are transferred absolutely to the latter.

The motive of St. Joseph College, as an educational institution is sufficiently explained in its announcement. Special attention is given to moral and religious training, but a varied arts course is prescribed for those who desire to take any one of the three degrees, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Literature, or Bachelor of Arts. The manner of testing candidates for degrees is sufficiently peculiar to merit special attention. The subjects of the course are divided into two groups as follows: (1) Latin, Greek, English, History and Geography; and (2) Philosophy, Mathamatics, and the Sciences. The degree of Bachelor of Literature is conferred on a candidate who

passes a successful" examination in the first group and a "partially successful" one in the second. The degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred on a candidate who is successful in the second group and partially successful in the first. The degree of Bachelor of Arts is conferred on a candidate who is successful in each group. To be "successful" the candidate must secure two-thirds of the maximum for a group of subjects and one-third of the maximum for each subject; to be "partially successful" he must secure one-half of the maximum for a group and one-fourth for each subject.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA.

The Province of Manitoba was created* in 1870 out of the region annexed† to the Dominion of Canada under the name of "Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory." The constitution given to the new Province authorized its Legislature to "make laws in relation to education," subject to certain provisions relating to "denominational schools." Under this authority an Act‡ was passed in 1877 to "establish one University for the whole of Manitoba on the model of the University of London, for the purpose of raising the standard of higher education in the Province, and of enabling all denominations and classes to obtain academical degrees." The corporate name given to the new institution was "The University of Manitoba," and the corporation was declared to consist of "A Chancellor, a Vice-Chancellor, and a Council," which was composed of (1) seven representatives to be selected by each incorporated College affiliated to the University, (2) three representatives to be selected by Convocation, and (3) one member for each of the two sec

*By Act of the Dominion Parliament (32 and 33 Vict., cap. 3), subsequently validated by Act of the Imperial Parliament (34 and 35 Vict., cap 28).

+By Imperial Order-in-Council, dated June 23, 1870.

140 Vict., cap. 11.

tions of the Board of Education.

The first Convocation included "all bachelors and masters of arts, all bachelors of law, licentiates of law, doctors of law, bachelors and doctors of science, and all bachelors, licentiates, and doctors of medicine" of any university in Her Majesty's Dominion, who had resided in Manitoba for two months previous to the passing of the Act. The University was limited in its functions to "the examining of candidates for degrees in the several faculties, or for certificates of honor in different branches of knowledge, and to the granting of such degrees and certificates after examination." The Chancellor was appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, the Vice-Chancellor was made elective by the University Council. The Lieutenant-Governor was created Visitor." In the Council, of which the Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor were ex officio members, was vested "the entire management of and superintendence over the affairs, concerns, and property" of the University, and, in general, the right to act "in all cases unprovided for," in such manner as might seem best calculated to promote the purpose for which the University was established. There were affiliated to the University by the Act, (1) the College of St. Boniface, (2) the College of St. John, and (3) the Manitoba College,* with a view to the admission of their students to the examinations for degrees and standing, and provision was made for the affiliation by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council of other

*These three institutions belonged to the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Presbyterian denominations respectively.

incorporated Colleges which could show that they were possessed of adequate appliances and a sufficient staff. Theological Colleges affiliated to the University were empowered to grant degrees* in divinity, and the holders of such degrees became entitled to the same rights and privileges as if they had graduated in the University. Provision was also made for the affiliation of one or more Provincial Normal Schools, should they be established. By an Act† passed in 1887 the number of representatives of Convocation was increased to seven, and in 1893 it was provided by another statute‡ (1) that seven additional members of Council should be appointed by the Crown, and (2) that the seven medical representatives, who had been elective by the Provincial College of Physicians and Surgeons, should be distributed so as to leave four to be chosen by that body and three by the Manitoba Medical College, an affiliated teaching institution. The Act of 1893 further provided that the Lieutenant-Governor in Council might appoint professors and assistant professors in modern languages, mathematics, and natural sciences, whose salaries should be paid by the Provincial Government, and whose lectures should be free to the students of affiliated colleges.

*An amending Act passed in 1880 (43 Vict., cap. 31) made it obligatory on candidates for such degrees to be examined by the University in Greek, Latin, and Mathematics.

+50 Vict., cap. 43.

156 Vict., cap. 35.

Present Constitution of the University.-As the result of its evolution under these various statutory enactments the University of Manitoba has now affiliated with it and represented in its Council the following teaching institutions :

ST. BONIFACE COLLEGE.

This College is conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church and the presidency of the "Archbishop and Metropolitan of St. Boniface." It was in existence before the creation of the University of Manitoba, and was affiliated to it by the original Act of incorporation of the latter institution. It has, besides, assistant teachers, a staff of ten "professors," who collectively have charge of the following university subjects Mental philosophy, physics, chemistry, mathematics, English, French, rhetoric and humanities, Latin and Greek. It has contributed twenty-two graduates to the University list.

ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

This was one of the three Colleges affiliated to the University by the Act of 1877. It is an Anglican institution, its "Chancellor and Warden" being the Archbishop of Rupert's Land. Besides the tuition given in theological subjects it provides instruction in Hebrew, mental and moral philosophy, Greek, Latin, mathematics, natural science, history, English, French, and German. It has added ninety graduates to the University register.