The Noble Hadīth in the Early Days of Islam A Critical Study of a Western Approach

Abbās Abd al-'Aziz Abd-Allah Abū Abu Bakr Abu Hurayrah according action adduced Ahl al-Ra'y Aḥmad al-Bukhārī al-Dhahabi al-Imam al-Shafi'i al-Imam Malik al-Khaṭīb al-Muwaṭṭa al-Ra'y al-Shafi'i al-Subki Alī Allah's Apostle Allah's Book Apostle of Allah applied Ijtihad asked basic source Beirut believe Book of Allah Companions concerned considered days of Islam dealing decision direct guidance divine revelation early days early scholars enactments example Ḥadīth Hajj heard the Prophet Ibn Abbas Ibn Kathir Ibn Qutaybah Ibn Sa'd Ibn Umar Ijtihad Ijtihad systematic reasoning indicates interest in Ḥadīth isnād issue James Robson judge judgement Ka'bah Madinah main sources Mālik Mas'ud matter Messenger of Allah Mu'awiyah Mu'tazilah Muslim scholars Muslims opinion prayer Prophet is reported Prophet Muhammad Qiyās Qur'an ra'y Rak'ahs recognised recognition of Ḥadīth regarding religious reported as saying Robson source of guidance source of Islam statements Strzyzewska Successors Sunnah teachings transmitted Umayyad dynasty Uthman verse