The Politics of Futility: The General Jewish Workers Bund of Poland, 1917-1943

accept action activities aimed Alter anti-Semitic Arbeiter army attacks attempt autonomy became become believed bloc Bolsheviks Bund Bund's Bundists called Central closely Comintern Committee Communist Party considered convention cultural daily delegates democracy developed dictatorship economic election Erlich existence faced favored fight Folkscajtung followed force formed German Ghetto Hitler hope Ibid immediately independence insisted interest International issue Jewish Jews join June labor labor movement leaders left-wing live majority March Marxism masses meeting Mensheviks minority movement nationalist Nazis official opposed opposition organization particularly peasants period Pilsudski points Poland Polish political population position problem proposed question refused regime rejected remain reported represented revolutionary rule Russian separate Social Democratic Socialist parties Soviet split struggle tion Union unity vote wanted Warsaw wing workers Yiddish York Zygelboym