Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing

altar amphitheatre Antioch appears Aquileia arch architecture arena attested Augustus back wall barrier base basins bigae building built Caesarea carceres Carthage cavea centre chariot racing circo Circus Flaminius circus games Circus Maximus circus mosaic circus of Maxentius city wall columns cones Cybele decorated depict dolphins Dougga earlier early east eggs Elagabalus emperor entrance Etruscan euripus evidence excavations façade fourth century fragments front Greek herms hippodrome horses imperial inscription late Lepcis long sides Lyon marble Mérida metae monumental circuses mosaic obelisk palace perhaps Piazza Armerina piers placed podium wall presumably probably provinces pulvinar quadrigae reconstruction reference relief representations Roman circus Rome sarcophagi seating tiers second century semicircular end shown shows Sirmium spectators stadium stairways stalls starting gates statue stone structure substructures suggest supported supra teams temple third century track Trajan Trier turning post Tyre vaults victorious charioteer villa width