Public Finance in Theory and Practice

adjustment aggregate demand applied assets average benefits billion bracket rates budget capital gains capital income changes considered consumer consumption corporation tax cost debt deduction depreciation differentials earnings economic effects efficient equal equity estate tax exemptions expenditures factor federal finance fiscal policy given grants gross growth important imposed incidence increase indifference curve individual income tax inflation interest investment involves issues itemized deductions low-income major marginal rate marginal utility measures negative income tax noted output payments payroll tax percent percentage preferences problem profits programs progressive progressive taxation property tax public sector purchases ratio redistribution reduced result rise sales tax saving schedule share shown social Table tax base tax burden tax incidence tax rate tax structure taxable income taxation taxpayers tion transfer United utility value-added tax various voters voting wage welfare