Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-driven Approach to the Lexical Grammar of EnglishThis book describes an approach to lexis and grammar based on the concept of phraseology and of language patterning arising from work on large corpora. The notion of 'pattern' as a systematic way of dealing with the interface between lexis and grammar was used in Collins Cobuild English Dictionary (1995) and in the two books in the Collins Cobuild Grammar Patterns series (1996; 1998). This volume describes the research that led to these publications, and explores the theoretical and practical implications of the research. The first chapter sets the work in the context of work on phraseology. The next two chapters give several examples of patterns and how they are identified. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss and exemplify the association of pattern and meaning. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 relate the concept of pattern to traditional approaches to grammar and to discourse. Chapter 9 summarizes the book and adds to the theoretical discussion, as well as indicating the applications of this approach to language teaching. The volume is intended to contribute to the current debate concerning how corpora challenge existing linguistic theories, and as such will be of interest to researchers in the fields of grammar, lexis, discourse and corpus linguistics. It is written in an accessible style, however, and will be equally suitable for students taking courses in those areas. |
Contents
A Short History of Patterns | 1 |
A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English | 3 |
122 Verb patterns | 4 |
123 Noun and adjective patterns | 6 |
124 Conclusion | 7 |
131 The lexicographical perspective | 8 |
132 Language teaching | 10 |
133 Psycholinguistics | 11 |
54 Conclusion to Chapter 5 | 146 |
Pattern and structure | 151 |
612 Objects Complements Adjuncts and Object Complements | 152 |
613 Patterns with finite clauses | 155 |
614 Extraposed subjects | 156 |
615 Structure and Meaning | 157 |
62 Problems with prepositional phrases | 160 |
V for ning | 161 |
134 Lexical phrases and a pattern grammar | 13 |
Corpus Concordance Collocation | 14 |
142 Sense and structure | 20 |
143 The idiom principle | 21 |
144 Units of meaning | 24 |
145 Frames | 25 |
146 Towards a lexicogrammar | 28 |
A corpusdriven grammar | 29 |
152 Lexis and grammar revisited | 30 |
153 Towards a methodology | 31 |
the grammar pattern series | 32 |
163 The grammar patterns series | 35 |
17 Conclusion to Chapter 1 | 36 |
What a pattern is | 37 |
22 A pattern and its words | 43 |
23 The representation of patterns | 44 |
24 Whats in a pattern? | 49 |
25 What kinds of pattern are there? | 51 |
252 The patterns of nouns | 56 |
253 The patterns of adjectives | 58 |
27 Different forms of a pattern | 59 |
Problems in identifying patterns | 67 |
31 Which word does the pattern belong to? | 68 |
32 When is a pattern not a pattern? | 71 |
33 Do patterns overgeneralise? | 77 |
333 Adamant in her refusal | 78 |
334 Her success as a designer | 79 |
336 She qualified as a doctor | 80 |
Patterns and Meaning | 83 |
42 Creativity in pattern use | 95 |
422 Pattern and analogy | 96 |
N that and it vlink ADJ of n toinf | 98 |
V way prepadv | 100 |
V n into ing | 102 |
V n into ing and V n as n | 104 |
43 Summary of Chapter 4 | 107 |
More on pattern and meaning | 109 |
512 Further examples of notional groups | 111 |
513 Notional groups in teaching languages | 118 |
52 Mapping meaning on to pattern | 123 |
522 The patterns of difficult | 130 |
523 The patterns of difficulty | 136 |
524 Summary of Section 52 | 141 |
53 Semantic word groups and their pattern distribution | 142 |
V from n | 162 |
V n as n | 167 |
V n to n | 168 |
63 Problems with phase | 169 |
631 V toinf | 170 |
632 Verbs followed by prepositions | 175 |
64 Conclusion to Chapter 6 | 176 |
Word class and pattern | 179 |
72 Some new word classes | 181 |
722 Ergative verbs | 183 |
723 Shell nouns | 185 |
724 Evaluative adjectives | 188 |
725 Reciprocal adjectives and nouns | 191 |
73 Some problematic word classes | 192 |
74 Words without classes | 195 |
75 Are word classes necessary? | 197 |
Text and Pattern | 199 |
82 Pattern flow | 207 |
822 Representing patterns linearly | 209 |
823 Pattern flow | 211 |
83 Pattern configurations | 215 |
84 Collocation and clause collocation | 225 |
843 Clause collocation | 226 |
844 Collocation | 230 |
85 The theory of a linear grammar | 235 |
852 The problem of there | 237 |
Brazils A Grammar of Speech | 240 |
854 Halliday and the metaphor of metalanguage | 244 |
Summing Up | 247 |
92 Questions of theory | 249 |
922 Lexis and grammar | 250 |
923 Pattern and meaning | 255 |
924 What kind of theory? | 259 |
93 Questions of application to pedagogy | 261 |
932 Towards a pedagogic reference grammar | 262 |
933 Noticing and using patterns | 265 |
934 Do patterns matter? | 268 |
94 Conclusion | 271 |
275 | |
Appendix | 283 |
285 | |
287 | |
Other editions - View all
Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-driven Approach to the Lexical Grammar of English Susan Hunston,Gill Francis No preview available - 2000 |
Common terms and phrases
adjective Adjunct adverb afraid analysis argued associated Bank of English behaviour CCED Chapter COBUILD English Dictionary coding Collins COBUILD English collocation complementation patterns concordance lines corpora corpus linguistics corpus-driven decision describe difficult discussed elements English corpus ergative verb Evaluated Entity Evaluative Category example explain Francis frequent function Grammar Patterns Halliday Hunston identified idiom principle indicate interpretation label learner lexical item lexical phrases lexis and grammar linear linear grammar look Meaning group naked eye non-finite clause notional group noun group occur passive pattern and meaning pattern flow pattern words phrasal verbs phraseology possible prep/adv prepositional Object prepositional phrase presumably problem pronoun prospection question realised relative clause role semantic semantic prosody sense sentence sequence Sinclair someone structure Subject suggests syntax Table talk theory thing to-inf to-infinitive clause typically uncount nouns v-link verb followed verb group verb patterns Verb with Object word classes