Morphological Astronomy

Front Cover
Springer Science & Business Media, Dec 6, 2012 - Science - 299 pages
Man has a great tendency to get lost or to hide, as the case may be, in a jungle of details and in unnecessary complications. Why do anything simply if you can do it complicated? And still, life itself presents a sufficient number of problems to keep us busy. There would seem to be no need to create additional difficulties, just for the fun of it, especially if these self-made difficulties become practically insuperable and if in the end they cause much unhappiness. The morphological mode of thought and of action was conceived to break the vicious hold which the parasitic wild growth of complications exerts on life in all of its phases. Morphological thought and action are likely to be of value in all human activities, once such thought and action have been clearly delineated and fully developed, and once they have been practised by a sufficiently large number of people. Since the morphological method is of the greatest universality, the choice of the field to which one applies it first is not particulary critical. The author intends to write two or three books on the morphology of several large scale problems, which are both of a technical and of a general social nature. The present book is concerned in particular with some implications of morphological thinking in astronomy. We shall above all emphasize the basic character of the morphological approach, and we shall demonstrate its constructive power in a number of specific cases.
 

Contents

Foreword 1
1
Morphological Research and Invention 1 Introductory Remarks
6
Random Intuition and Systematized Discovery Research and Invention Communicable Truth and Incommunicable Truth
9
The Formalism of Communicable Truth
11
The Method of Negation and Subsequent Construction
17
The Morphological Method of Analysis and Construction
19
Past Applications of the Morphological Method
21
Deficiencies which Aid the Morphological Method
22
A Possible Universal Characteristic Central Density of Clusters of Galaxies
144
Relative Physical Characteristics of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies
146
Dimensional and Dimensionless Morphology in Cosmology
149
b Dimensional Morphology 41 Distribution of Clusters of Galaxies and their Apparent Populations Intergalactic Obscuration
156
The Frequency of Clusters of Galaxies as a Function of their Angular Diameters Crucial Tests for the Theory of the Expanding Universe
166
The Total Space Occupied by the Large Clusters of Galaxies
170
The Luminosity Function of Cluster Galaxies
171
Preliminary Test of the Theory of a Flat Expanding Universe
176

The Record of the 18inch Schmidt Telescope on Palomar Mountain
27
Specific Plans for a Morphological Approach to Astronomy
29
Clouds and Clusters of Galaxies
30
The Large Scale Distribution of Matter in the Universe
32
The Coma Cluster of Galaxies
37
Excursion into the Theory of Probabilities
50
Continuation of the Discussion on the Coma Cluster
53
The Cancer Cluster of Galaxies
57
The Pegasus Cluster of Galaxies
61
Review of the Observations on the Clusters of Galaxies in Coma Cancer and Pegasus
68
Irregular Clusters of Galaxies
70
Isopleths of Nebular Distribution
82
The Large Scale Distribution of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies
88
Cluster Cells
91
The Field of the Coma Cluster
92
The Field of the Pegasus Cluster
94
Various Statistical Methods in the Field of Dimensionless Morphology Contagion
99
Comparison of the Observed and of the Random Distribution Curves of Galaxies
100
Intergalactic Obscuration
101
Counts of Galaxies in Depth and in Width
108
Counts of Galaxies in Dependence upon Apparent Magnitude
110
Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of the Large Scale Aggre gates of Matter
114
Some Basic Problems Relating to the Universal Redshift
123
Elements of a Theory of the Large Scale Distribution of Matter in the Universe
125
Dimensional Aspects of Large Scale Clustering
126
Hydrodynamical Concepts
128
Applications of the Virial Theorem to Clusters of Galaxies
129
Clusters of Galaxies and the Emden Gravitational Isothermal Gas Sphere
134
The Morphological Approach Toward the Determination of Absolute Dimensions and of Absolute Physical Characteristics of Very Remote Objects
179
Remarks on the Morphology of Possible Cosmological Theories
186
The Einstein Redshift
188
The Gravitational Drag of Light
190
Morphological Features of Individual Galaxies
192
Program for the Investigation of Individual Galaxies by the Methods of Dimensionless Morphology
193
The Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Galaxies
208
The Masses of Galaxies
214
Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses
215
The Luminosity Function of Galaxies
220
Multiple Galaxies and Intergalactic Matter
229
Morphological Astronomical Kaleidoscope
231
Observations Made and Planned
232
Experimentation with Celestial Objects
249
Astrophysical Theories
250
Material Reconstruction of Parts of the Universe
259
Sociological Problems
262
The Morphological Method and a priori Knowledge The Magic Numbers
270
The Irreducible Foundations of Communicable Truth
272
Outstanding Transcendental Numbers
273
The Dimensionalities used in Physics
275
Why is Space ThreeDimensional?
279
Other Magic Numbers
280
Epilogue
282
Bibliography
290
Name Index
294
Subject Index
296
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