Gas Migration: Events Preceding EarthquakesThis breakthrough new book may help save countless lives and avoid enormous losses. It presents a methodology for using gas migration to predict earthquakes and explosive gas buildup. Using rigorous scientific investigation and documented worldwide case histories, this remarkable book presents compelling evidence showing that changes in gas rates, composition, and migration accompany the tectronic events preceding earthquakes and their associated seismic events, such as volcanoes and tsunamis. Because these gas parameters are detectable and measurable, they provide an early warning of seismic activity.Gas Migration is the first book to accumulate, analyze and apply the interdisciplinary knowledge on gas migration and detail its connection to tectronic, seismic, and geologic phenomena. It combines geological, geochemical, geophysical, seismological, and petroleum engineering insights to demonstrate how gas migration and its associated phenomena can be used in earthquake and environmental geohazard identification and prediction. Topics include-·Tectonics and Earthquakes·Gas Migration at Plate Boundaries·Surface Soil-Gas Surveys·Faults and Petroleum Reservoirs·Earthquake Precursors·Whispering Gases·Paths and Mechanics of Gas Migration·Subsidence, Gas Migration, and Seismic Activity·And much moreWith this information, environmental specialists, civil engineers, petroleum geologists, seismologists, and urban planners now have a new and powerful conceptual basis and tool for understanding and perhaps even predicting gas explosions and earthquakes. |
Contents
Events Preceding Earthquakes | 97 |
Principles of Gas Migration | 221 |
Interrelationships Among Subsidence Gas Migration and Seismic Activity | 307 |
| 342 | |
| 369 | |
| 375 | |
About the Authors | 388 |
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Common terms and phrases
Angeles basin anomalies aquifer biogenic Calif California carbon dioxide cause changes Chilingar Chilingarian CO₂ compaction composition compressibility crustal deformation depth earth's crust earth's surface earthquake prediction earthquakes occur epicenter evaluate fault plane fault zone faults and fractured forecasting formation fractured zones gas bubble gas concentration gas fields gas seeps gas storage geologic groundwater Gurevich helium hydrocarbon hydrogen hypocenter increase Jones and Drozd Karapetyan Land Subsidence large earthquakes layer lithosphere located Los Angeles basin magnitude major seismic events mantle methane migrating gas Modified monitoring movement natural gas Northridge ocean oil and gas oil fields Pacific patterns permeability petroleum reservoirs plate boundaries precursors production psig Publ quake radon gas result rocks rupture San Andreas Fault sand Santa sediments seepage seismic activity seismic waves Soil-Gas Surveys Southern California specific weight Spitak earthquake structure subduction tectonic activity temperature thermogenic Thrust Fault transform faults vertical wellbore
Popular passages
Page 342 - Estimates of surface pollution resulting from submarine oil seeps at platform A and Coal Oil Point.
Page 29 - Discovered by continuous presence of oil, gas bubbles, and tar on the water See 14 Discovered before platform was installed about 800 feet from platform Oil and gas from saturated shale outcrop O a OQ 2 I -T3 £f t3 K S | ro to Ci
Page 37 - Coal Oil Point near Goleta, and off Carpinteria. Tar is most abundant near Point Conception where a sheet of tar covers an area...
Page 28 - Frequently sighted by fishermen; now inactive See #2 Oil droplets & slabs of tar as large as 8...
Page 31 - Typically, oil is released as globules from sand patches, some of which are in line and some of which are independent Estimated discharge for area: Max. 160 bbls.