Applied Hydraulic Transients |
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air chamber Amer amplitude analyzed assumed boundary conditions c₁ Cavitation channel Chapter characteristic equation Chaudhry Column Separation computed constant continuity equation control volume curves dashpot derived determined differential equations discharge line downstream end Engineering Figure flow velocity fluid Francis turbine friction losses gate opening governor head losses Hydraulic grade line Hydraulic Transients inertia initial steady-state Jour junction liquid load rejection m³/s maximum Mech method of characteristics moment of inertia node obtain operation orifice penstock pipeline piping system power failure power plant pressure head pressure rise Pressure Surges pressure waves Proc procedure pump characteristics rated reservoir scheme shown in Fig solution stability station surge tank Trans transfer matrix transient conditions transient-state tunnel turbine units values valve opening variables Water Hammer water level water surface waterhammer waves wave velocity дх