A History of the Photographic LensThe lens is generally the most expensive and least understood part of any camera. In this book, Rudolf Kingslake traces the historical development of the various types of lenses from Daguerre's invention of photography in 1839 through lenses commonly used today. From an early lens still being manufactured for use in low-cost cameras to designs made possible through such innovations as lens coating, rare-earth glasses, and computer aided lens design and testing, the author details each major advance in design and fabrication. The book explains how and why each new lens type was developed, and why most of them have since been abandoned. This authoritative history of lens technology also includes brief biographies of several outstanding lens designers and manufacturers of the past. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
A Brief Historical Survey | 7 |
Identifying a Given Lens | 14 |
Lens Patents | 18 |
The Achromatic Landscape Lens | 26 |
Portrait Lenses | 33 |
Other Portrait Lenses | 40 |
Early Double Objectives | 49 |
Modified Triplets by Leitz | 113 |
The Zeiss Planar Lens | 121 |
Unsymmetrical DoubleGauss Lenses | 122 |
Telephoto Lenses | 131 |
Reversed Telephoto Lenses | 141 |
Varifocal and Zoom Lenses | 153 |
72 | 171 |
Catadioptric Mirror Systems | 175 |
Symmetrical Doublets Spherically Corrected | 58 |
Optical Glass | 69 |
The Lanthanum Crowns | 77 |
The Dialyte Type | 100 |
The Heliar and Its Variations | 106 |
Rear Attachments | 190 |
งง่ | 291 |
A Glossary of Optical Terms | 315 |
| 323 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Abbe achromatic airspace Anastigmat angular field Antiplanet Aplanat arrangement astigmatism attachment barium crown Bausch & Lomb became Bertele Brit cemented doublet cemented interface central stop Chevalier coma Company Cooke Triplet correct crown glasses Dagor daguerreotype Dallmeyer Darlot developed diaphragm dispersion distortion double-Gauss F-number field flattener film fish-eye focal length focusing front component Globe lens Goerz H. W. Lee high-aperture Höegh Jamin Jena Kingslake Kodak landscape lens large number Leitz lens design lens surfaces main lens manufactured microscope mirror motion pictures mounted moved negative element optical glass optician patent Petzval Portrait lens Petzval sum Phot Photographic Lens photographic lenses photographic objective plane Plasmat plastic plate positive element Rapid Rectilinear rays rear component Rectigraphic Rectilinear lens reduced refractive index relative aperture reversed telephoto Rohr Ross Rudolph Schott Series shown in Figure spherical aberration Steinheil symmetrical Taylor-Hobson telephoto lens Tessar type of construction Voigtländer wide-angle Wollaston York Zeiss zoom lenses