3D Seismic Survey DesignThe first edition of this book was a slightly modified version of my dissertation (defended in February 2001). This second edition has been extended considerably. Many technological developments of the past 10 years have been included. Feedback from students attending my course on 3D survey design has helped clarify various not-so-clear discussions in the book. Another major difference is the inclusion of many new figures copied from the literature. Most of the existing figures have been redrawn to comply with the high standards used for figures in Geophysics, and all references are now compiled in a single list. Although the main text for this edition was ready by the end of 2010, some developments in the field of seismic data acquisition that occurred in 2011 and 2012 have still been included. The ideas and results discussed in this book should help one to achieve a better understanding of the structure of 3D acquisition geometries. With this understanding, geophysical requirements can be satisfied with an optimal choice of acquisition geometry and its parameters. Processing techniques can be adapted to honor and exploit the specific requirements of each geometry, especially orthogonal and areal geometries, leading to a more interpretable end product. |
Contents
2D symmetric sampling | 1 |
3D acquisition geometries their properties and their sampling | 15 |
Noise suppression | 59 |
Guidelines for design of 3D geometry on land | 87 |
Marine seismic data acquisition | 143 |
Properties and 3D survey design | 207 |
Some lowfold data examples | 229 |
Acquisition geometry | 235 |
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Common terms and phrases
3D data 3D receiver 3D shot 3D survey acquired acquisition geometry aliasing amplitude Annual International Meeting apparent velocity areal geometry aspect ratio azimuth basic subsets cables coarse sampling configuration coordinates corresponding COV gather cross-spread crossline direction crossline fold data acquisition diffraction edge effects equation Expanded Abstracts Figure frequency Fresnel zone geophone Geophysics ground roll horizontal hydrophone illumination area imaging inline direction inline offset line geometries line intervals maximum offset MDSs midpoint area midpoint line noise orthogonal geometry output point OVT gathers parallel geometry parameters PS-wave raypaths receiver arrays receiver gathers receiver lines reflector resolution sampling interval Section seismic data shooting shot and receiver shot array shot lines shot/receiver pair singlefold slices spatial discontinuities stack response station intervals streamer stretch factor suppression survey area survey design symmetric sampling technique tion traces traveltime surface unit cell Vermeer vibroseis WATS wavefield wavelet wavenumber WesternGeco wide-azimuth