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flowers, keeping the soil well watered, and training the shoots of the Ivy to a neat light trellis overhead.

In the garden of the Exposition a pretty circular bower was shown perfectly covered with it, the whole springing from a tub. Imagine an immense green umbrella with the handle inserted in a tub of good soil, boards placed over this tub, so as to make a circular seat of it, and you will understand it in a moment. That and the like could of course be readily made on a roof, wide balcony, or any such position. One sunny early summer day, when the Ivy was in its youthful green, I met with a shallow bower made of it that pleased me very much. It was simply a great erect shell of green not more than five or six feet deep, so that the sun could freshen the inside into as deep a verdure as the outer surface.

The Ivy may be readily grown and tastefully used in a dwelling-house. I once saw it growing inside the window of a wineshop in an obscure part of Paris, and on going in found it planted in a rough box against the wall, up which it had crept, and was going about apparently as carelessly as if in a wood. If you happen to be in the great court at Versailles, and, requiring guidance, chance to ask a question at a porter's little lodge seen to the left as you go to the gardens, you will be much interested to see what a deep interest the fat porter and his wife take in Cactuses and such plants, and what a nice collection of them they have gathered together, but more so at the sumptuous sheet of Ivy which hangs over from high above the mantelpiece. It is planted in a box in a deep recess, and tumbles out its abundant tresses almost as richly as if depending from a Kerry rock.

The Ivy is also used to a great extent to make living screens for drawing-rooms and saloons, and often with a very tasteful result. This is usually done by planting it in narrow boxes and training it up wirework trellises, so that with a few of such, a living screen may be formed in any desired part of a room in a few minutes. Sometimes it is permanently planted; and in one instance I saw it beautifully used to embellish crystal partitions between large apartments.

To make the Ivy edgings which are so abundantly employed in and around Paris, plants are easily procured in pots, and at a very cheap rate, at the markets on the quays, or of the nurserymen at Fontenay aux Roses, who every year grow it in large quantities. It is planted thickly in borders, and trailed along in strips from twelve to sixteen inches in width, according to the size of the beds. It is laid down with wooden pegs, a layer of earth being placed over the stems. When once planted, it only needs to be kept clear of weeds, and to be moderately watered. Under this treatment, it forms healthy borders the year after it is planted. In preparing the Ivy for growing against railings and trellis-work that encloses the various parks and gardens, it is trained carefully during the first one or two years, so that all empty spaces may be filled up. At the end of the second year, the railings will be completely covered, and for the future it is only necessary to keep it properly pruned.

The Ivy used by the City of Paris for ornamenting the flower beds in the squares, the trunks of trees, &c., is grown and propagated at the nurseries in the Bois de Boulogne. Towards the end of the summer the propagation of the Ivy by means of cuttings is carried on. Three or four leaves are left on each cutting, and they are planted very thickly in lines in a half-shady position. When they have taken root sufficiently, which generally takes place in the following spring, they are transplanted into pots of four or five inches in diameter. Afterwards stakes are fixed along the lines of pots, from which are stretched lines of thin galvanized wire, and to this slender but firm trellis from three to five feet high the plants are trained several times during the growing season. At the end of the second or third year the plants are strong enough to be employed to cover railings, and for many similar purposes. The nurserymen in the suburbs of Paris generally propagate them by layers. For this purpose old plants are placed at a certain distance from each other, and are allowed to grow long. Pots from four to six inches in diameter are then plunged in the ground around, the Ivy being fixed in them by means of small pegs, one shoot in each pot. Afterwards stakes are placed in the pots, and the Ivy trained

against them as it grows. When the layers are sufficiently rooted, they are separated from the old plants, and towards the end of the second or third year it is ready for use. If a wide belt of Ivy is desired, the young plants may be put in in two or three rows, as the French do when making such excellent Ivy edgings as are here described. In any case, after the plants are inserted the shoots must be neatly pegged down all in one direction.

The reason why Ivy edgings when seen in England look so poor compared with those in Paris, is that we allow them to grow as they like, and they get overgrown, wild, and entangled, whereas the French keep them the desired size by pinching or cutting the little shoots well in, two or even three times every summer, after the edging has once attained size and health. The abundant supply of established plants in small pots enables the French to lay down these edgings so as to look well almost from the first day.

Report of the President of the International Garden Club for 1918*

HE past Club year has been in some ways the best we have had. Our litigation with the City in regard to the property which we occupy and have improved, at Bartow, Pelham Bay Park, New York City, has been successfully contested and the outcome puts us in a much stronger position than heretofore.

The negotiations have resulted in making our work at Bartow coöperative with the park work of the City of New York, a consummation greatly to be desired. And the improvements to the grounds will be carried on from now on by both the City and the Club-the Club providing the materials and the City the labor and working force of the Park Department.

Because of our inability to establish a dairy at Bartow, owing to City ordinances, the War Work of the Garden Club necessitated taking other land and buildings and the Philip Schuyler estate of 67 acres at Irvington-on-Hudson was leased. The great success of the work has been partly due to the complete equipment found at "Nevis" and the advantage of having private property of our own has been demonstrated. It is hoped before very long through the generosity of certain of our members, to own this valuable property, pictures of which were published in the JOURNAL for June, 1918, and it is the desire of the President and the Governing Board to make this valuable philanthropic work of the Club, which was undertaken as a War

* Delivered at the Annual Meeting at Mrs. Charles Senff's, 16 East 79th Street, Wednesday, January 8, 1919.

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