The Kennedy Family and the Story of Mental RetardationAccording to Edward Shorter, just forty years ago the institutions housing people with mental retardation (MR) had become a national scandal. The mentally retarded who lived at home were largely isolated and a source of family shame. Although some social stigma still attaches to the people with developmental disabilities (a range of conditions including what until recently was called mental retardation), they now actively participate in our society and are entitled by law to educational, social, and medical services. The immense improvement in their daily lives and life chances came about in no small part because affected families mobilized for change but also because the Kennedy family made mental retardation its single great cause. Long a generous benefactor of MR-related organizations, Joseph P. Kennedy made MR the special charitable interest of the family foundation he set up in the 1950s. Although he gave all of his children official roles, he involved his daughter Eunice in performing its actual work--identifying appropriate recipients of awards and organizing the foundation's activities. With unique access to family and foundation papers, Shorter brings to light the Kennedy family's strong commitment to public service, showing that Rose and Joe taught their children by precept and example that their wealth and status obligated them to perform good works. Their parents expected each of them to apply their considerable energies to making a difference. Eunice Kennedy Shriver took up that charge and focused her organizational and rhetorical talents on putting MR on the federal policy agenda. As a sister of the President of the United States, she had access to the most powerful people in the country and drew their attention to the desperate situation of families affected by mental retardation. Her efforts made an enormous difference, resulting in unprecedented public attention to MR and new approaches to coordinating medical and social services. Along with her husband, R. Sargent Shriver, she made the Special Olympics a international, annual event in order to encourage people with mental retardation to develop their skills and discover the joy of achievement. She emerges from these pages as a remarkable and dedicated advocate for people with developmental disabilities. Shorter's account of mental retardation presents an unfamiliar view of the Kennedy family and adds a significant chapter to the history of disability in this country. Author note: Edward Shorter is a Professor at the University of Toronto where he holds the Hannah Chair in the History of Medicine. He is the author of A History of Psychiatry from the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac, as well as many other books in the fields of history and medicine. |
Contents
Useless People | 1 |
Joe Senior | 35 |
Eunice and Sarge | 52 |
Camelot | 78 |
Special Olympics | 109 |
Power | 143 |
Image | 168 |
Dynasty | 186 |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
AAHPER American Anne Burke asked athletes became Bob Cooke Bobby Shriver Boston brother Camelot Camp cause Center Chicago child Cohen Committee Cushing director disabilities Elizabeth Boggs Eunice Kennedy Shriver Eunice Shriver Eunice's father federal Fogarty Frank Hayden Freeberg funds Games going Ibid institutions interview of July interview of Mar JFK's Joe Kennedy Joe Senior John F Joseph Kennedy family Kennedy Foundation Kennedy Library Kennedy's later legislation lobbying Masland meeting mentally retarded mentally retarded children Mike Feldman mother Myer Feldman NARC National Oral History 1968 organization panel parents Park District PCMR physical education President President's quote Recreation Report Rose Rosemary Sarge Sarge Shriver Sarge's Sargent Shriver Senate social Special Olympics staff story Ted Kennedy Ted's Timberlawn told University wanted Warren Washington White House Wolf Wolfensberger Wolfensberger York