 | Judith A. Nagata - Social Science - 1975 - 192 pages
...method by which this dilemma has been overcome. The three leading communal groups, the United Malays' National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese...Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), formed an alliance, called simply the Alliance, which has governed Malaysia since before Independence.... | |
 | Manning Nash - Social Science - 1989 - 156 pages
...economic legislation or confiscatory activities. Apparently this bargain, struck among the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese...Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) appealed to the voters, at least it held while the economy continued to grow at a socially satisfactory... | |
 | Douglas Greenberg, Stanley N. Katz, Steven C. Wheatley, Melanie Beth Oliviero - Law - 1993 - 416 pages
...United Malay National Organization (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), and the creation of the Alliance Party coalition among them in the early 1950s, preceded both the development of a suitable constitution and independence. 13 The conservative... | |
 | Iyanatul Islam, Anis Chowdhury - Business & Economics - 1997 - 516 pages
...first Prime Minister. The government was formed by the coalition of major ethnically oriented parties: UMNO, the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC). Singapore joined the Federation of Malaya in 1963 when it gained full independence. But, in order to... | |
 | Iyanatul Islam, Anis Chowdhury - Business & Economics - 1997 - 324 pages
...first Prime Minister. The government was formed by the coalition of major ethnically oriented parties: UMNO, the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC). Singapore joined the Federation of Malaya in 1%3 when it gained full independence. But, in order to... | |
 | Shale Asher Horowitz, Uk Heo - Business & Economics - 2001 - 318 pages
...the Indians. These three major groups were represented by three parties, the dominant United Malays National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese...Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC). Together these constituted the Alliance, or Barisan Nasional (BN). Throughout the 1960s, the Alliance... | |
 | Francis Kok-Wah Loh, Boo Teik Khoo - Political Science - 2002 - 296 pages
...and modernist discourse. Their separate ethnic parties — the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) — formed a coalition, the Alliance. At the apex of the Alliance, its leaders agreed to acknowledge... | |
 | Francis Kok-Wah Loh, Boo Teik Khoo - Democracy - 2002 - 292 pages
...universalist and modernist discourse. Their separate ethnic parties - the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) - formed a coalition, the Alliance. At the apex of the Alliance, its leaders agreed to acknowledge... | |
 | Sidney John Roderick Noel - 644 pages
...later the National Front, which was originally composed of three ethnic parties: the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese...Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC). The Alliance has ruled Malaysia since independence. Operating under an electoral system of plurality... | |
 | Takashi Inoguchi - History - 2005 - 503 pages
...organizations in the 1955 general election under the Alliance Party. This party comprised the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese...Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC). The Alliance under Tunku Abdul Rahman defeated most opposition, including Party Negara, the Malay-rights... | |
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the United Malay National Organization (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), and the creation of the Alliance Party coalition among them in the early 