Arabic Phonetics: Ibn Sīnā's Risālah on the Points of Articulation of the Speech-sounds

Abū air stream air which produces al-Din al-Mubarrad Allah allophone Arab linguists Arabic speech-sounds Arthur Jeffery arytenoid cartilage bone which resembles Bravmann Cairo cause of sound centre CHAPTER complete obstruction contribution to linguistic driven duced Eastern linguistic tradition edited expulsion forces the air Grammar Greek heard Holger Holger Pedersen huruf hyoid Ibn Ezra Ibn Sīnā Ibn Sina's Risalah immediate cause incomplete interstices Islam joined Languages and Linguistics larynx Leipzig Linguis linguistic science lips liquids long vowel Mufaṣṣal muscles extend Muslim nameless cartilage narrow passage nasal non-Arabic Otto Jespersen pair Panini Pedersen Persian pharynx point of articulation pressure qarʻ restriction Sanskrit Semitic Semitic languages short vowel slight solid body sound which blends sounds of speech surface teeth tends to resemble therein thing thyroid cartilage tion tongue translation trill University upwards vibration violent Wulfila yielding membranes