The Supply of Water

aluminium sulphate amount aqueduct bacteria calcium calcium carbonate carbonate channel chemical chlorine concrete constructed consumption cot² cross-section curve cylinder depth determined diagram diameter discharge district downstream face drain Elan Valley embankment equal equation feet filter FILTERED WATER filtration float formula gallons gravity h₁ hard water hydraulic impervious inches inlet iron Lake Vyrnwy length lime loss of head magnesium bicarbonate masonry material maximum means meter method normal stress notch obtained outlet culvert p₁ percolation pipes piston plane pumping purification rain gauge rainfall resultant force river rock run-off sand service reservoir shear stress shown in Fig slope slow sand filter solution spillway sterilisation strata sufficient suitable sulphate supply surface suspended matter tank tensile stresses thickness tube upstream face usually valve varies velocity of flow vertical water pressure waterworks weight weir zeolite