India's National Writing

alveolar ancient anuswara Arabic Arabo-Persian Aramaic aspirated basic strokes Bengali Brahmi century B.C. confusion consonantal characters consonants cursive dash dead keys dental developed diacritical marks Diringer duad Dumville eliminate English forms fricative frontal Gelb giving a dot glottal stop Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hence Hindi I. J. Gelb Indian scripts Indian speech inscriptions keys Kharoshti Latin alphabet letters linotype Maharashtrian Marathi matra modern modified Moslem mouth nagari nasal national script origin palate Persian script pharyngal Phoenician plosives position present pronounced pronunciation Punjabi reform region represent respectively retroflex Roman script Sanskrit says Secondary Tertiary Primary Semitic signify signs sounds South Indian spelling style syllables system of writing Tamil tongue transliteration unaspirated unvoiced fricative upper Urdu uvular Vedic velar velarised vocal chords voiced fricative vowel vowel marks vowel-less word written ہو