The British West Indies Sugar Industry in the Late 19th Century

abandoned acres anti-bounty Antigua Barbadian Barbados beet sugar British Guiana British West Indies cane farming cane sugar cent central factories Chamberlain Chancery Colonial Office Commissioners competition consignee consignee merchant consignee's lien coolie coolie immigration cost countervailing duties crop Cuba cultivation Demerara depression difficulty drainage Encumbered Estates Act Encumbered Estates Court estates in British estates in Jamaica estates sold evidence favour French German Government Governor Guiana and Trinidad imports increased Indies Encumbered Estates islands juice large estates loaf sugar refiners metayage mill molasses mortgages muscovado estates muscovado sugar number of estates obtained period price of sugar priority profit purchased reduced result Royal Commission ships St Lucia St Vincent steam steamships sugar colonies sugar duties sugar estates sugar exports sugar industry sugar planters sugar producers sugar proprietors tion Tobago tons Trinidad United Kingdom usually vacuum pan West India Committee West Indian West Indies Encumbered West Indies sugar