Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative ApproachesThis comprehensive book offers readers balanced coverage of both the qualitative and quantitative approaches to social research.The fourth edition of Social Research Methods renews its commitment to help readers learn that social research does not take place in a vacuum, but in a social and historical context that can affect their actions. It teaches to guard against ethnocentric perspectives and confining their research on the assumptions, values, and beliefs of their own particular society. Lastly, the author hopes to show readers not only that both quantitative and qualitative styles of social research are valuable, but that the greatest benefit to social research lies in combining the two. |
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Page 302
... score . 4. Total up the squared differences to get the sum of squares . 5. Divide the sum of squares by the number ... Score - Mean Score 15 12 12 10 16 18 8 9 1512.5 2.5 1212.5 -0.5 = 12 12.5 -0.5 = 10-12.5 -2.5 = 1612.5 = 3.5 18-12.5 ...
... score . 4. Total up the squared differences to get the sum of squares . 5. Divide the sum of squares by the number ... Score - Mean Score 15 12 12 10 16 18 8 9 1512.5 2.5 1212.5 -0.5 = 12 12.5 -0.5 = 10-12.5 -2.5 = 1612.5 = 3.5 18-12.5 ...
Page 303
... scores ) . She calculates z- scores by subtracting each student's score from the mean , then dividing by the standard devia- tion . For example , Suzette's z - score is 3.62 – 2.62 = 1.00 / .50 = 2 , whereas Jorge's z - score is 3.64 ...
... scores ) . She calculates z- scores by subtracting each student's score from the mean , then dividing by the standard devia- tion . For example , Suzette's z - score is 3.62 – 2.62 = 1.00 / .50 = 2 , whereas Jorge's z - score is 3.64 ...
Page 313
... score . This " standardizes ” the variable based on its mean and standard deviation . Next , we multiply the z ... score , ] [ z - score2 ] ) / N where : Σ = sum , z - score , z - score for 1st variable ( see Box 12.2 ) , z - score2 = z ...
... score . This " standardizes ” the variable based on its mean and standard deviation . Next , we multiply the z ... score , ] [ z - score2 ] ) / N where : Σ = sum , z - score , z - score for 1st variable ( see Box 12.2 ) , z - score2 = z ...
Contents
How Science Works | 5 |
CHAPTER | 7 |
QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL SCIENCE | 14 |
Copyright | |
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abstract African Americans answer approach attitudes basic behavior Bradburn causal Chapter cluster sampling coding concepts conduct construct content analysis create crime critical dent dependent variable developed discussed empirical error example experiment experimental explanation feel female field research gender Guttman scaling hypothesis ideas indicators inter internal validity interpretive interview involves issues journals knowledge level of measurement Likert scale logic male means measure ment method nonreactive observation organizations percent percentage person political population positivist problem qualitative research quantitative ques questionnaire random sampling records relationship reliability reports research project research question researcher wants researcher's respondents sampling frame scale score selected simple random sampling social research social science social world sociology specific stratified sampling subjects Sudman survey research telephone theory Thurstone scaling tion tive topic types unit of analysis validity