Earth and Rock-fill Dams: General Design and Construction Considerations |
Common terms and phrases
adjacent and/or backfill bankment beneath borrow areas Clay seams clays closure sections cofferdam compaction equipment compressible concrete consolidation core losses COUGAR DAM densities determine differential settlements downstream shells drains earth and rock-fill earth dams earthquake embankment fill embankment sections embankment slopes Engineers erosion excavation slopes fill materials fill placement foundation and abutment foundation conditions freeboard GRAVEL groundwater grout horizontal drainage layers impervious zone installed investigations joints Kerr Scott located maximum ment natural densities optimum water content outlet overtopping permeability pervious foundation pervious material piezometers placement water contents POOL pore pressures pore-water pressures portion possible RANDOM required excavation reservoir reservoir water riprap rock fill rock foundation rock-fill dams rollers seepage control shales shear strength SILT SILTY SAND slope protection slurry trench spillway stability stage construction structures Subsurface surface tension zones test fills tion transition zones transverse cracks valley vertical water contents width