Male Reproductive Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Management of Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Impotence

abnormalities activity adult analysis androgen antibodies appears assay associated binding biopsy blood cause changes chromosome Clin clinical complete concentrations couples cytoplasm decreased deficiency detected disorders effect ejaculate Endocrinol epididymal evaluation evidence factors failure female Fertil Figure finding function germ cells GnRH gonadal gonadotropin hamster hormone human hypogonadism hypogonadotropic impotence increase indicate infection infertility inhibition less levels Leydig cell male maturation mean measured Metab method motility normal observed obstruction occur patients pattern performed pituitary plasma positive possible pregnancy present problem production prostatitis protein puberty rABP range receptor release reported reproductive response role secretion semen seminal seminiferous Sertoli cells serum sexual showed significant sperm count spermatogenesis spermatozoa Steril steroid stimulation studies subjects suggest syndrome Table testes testicular testis testosterone therapy tion treated treatment tubules usually varicocele