Criminology

addicts adolescents aggravated assault American areas arrested blacks boys burglary causes of crime cent cities commit crime Company Conklin convicted cost court crime and delinquency crime causation crime rates criminal behavior criminal careers criminal justice system criminal law Criminology delinquent act deviant differential association theory drug embezzlement evidence example factors firearms focal concern forcible rape gang goals groups heroin Hirschi homicide Ibid illegal increase individual inmates involved juvenile juvenile delinquency labeling lack larceny lead less murder nations offenders officers organized crime parole penalties person police population prison problem programs punishment recidivism reduce crime rehabilitation relationship reported result robbery role self-concept self-report sentence shoplifting social class social norms society statistics steal study found suggests suspects theft theory thief thieves tion treatment typology values victimization surveys violate the law violence white-collar crime Wolfgang York