Environmental Forces on Offshore Structures and Their Prediction

3-D wave amplitude analysis base shear calculated CFrms conductors crest current profile current speed current velocity damping design practice direction distribution drag coefficient dynamic effect Engineering environmental loading estimated experimental Figure fluid loading force coefficients Forces on Offshore function Gudmestad hindcast horizontal hydrodynamic inertia coefficients JACKET joint probability linear marine growth maximum mean measured method model tests Morison's equation motion North Sea obtained offshore platforms Offshore Structures Offshore Technology Conference oscillatory parameters pipe groups pitch potential flow predictions random waves Rayleigh distribution regular waves return period Reynolds number roughness Sarpkaya significant wave height simulation slow-drift Sobey spectra spectrum stagnation pressure steady Stokes stream function stress range surface Underwater Technology values vertical vortex shedding water particle wave and current wave by wave wave force wave kinematics wave loading wave period wave theory wave-current interaction wave-drift Weibull distribution wind speed Yawing Angle