Undigested Past: The Holocaust in Lithuania"This is a most honest, balanced and tactful attempt to promote self-reflection and self-understanding in two nations involved in a brutal genocide. If you are a Lithuanian or a Jew, after reading this book you have no other choice but to redefine your personal identity in order to answer the questions: What does it mean to be a Lithuanian? What does it mean to be a Lithuanian Jew? I thought I knew the answers, but I was wrong." Levas Kovarskis, psychoanalyst "As Lithuanians, we need to face the deep and painful reflections of the events highlighted in this remarkable book. A great deal of work is needed on both sides to restore trust between Jews and Lithuanians and, for those not afraid to do so, reading this book is a very good first step." Danius Puras, psychiatrist "Despite the multitude of available works on the Holocaust, this admirably concise, yet detailed, volume will be an eye-opener for many - probably most - of its readers. Particularly valuable is its comparative (not contrastive) survey of the behavior of many in Lithuania and The Netherlands during and after the Second World War. In no sense is this book 'anti-Lithuanian', for, as the author well realizes, it was not only the Jews in that country who suffered terribly under Nazi and Soviet occupation. This monograph deserves a very wide readership, especially in Lithuania." Martin Dewhirst, University of Glasgow, Scotland |
Contents
1 | |
5 | |
7 | |
Origins of AntiSemitism | 32 |
Jewish Life in Lithuania between World Wars | 39 |
The Holocaust in Lithuania | 67 |
Issues of Compliance and Collaboration | 108 |
The Human Dimension | 139 |
Why Did it Happen? | 161 |
From Black and White to Shades of Grey | 169 |
Conclusion | 177 |
183 | |
191 | |
About the Author | 196 |
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Common terms and phrases
active Alvydas Amsterdam anti-Jewish Anti-Semitism in Lithuania Army Arūnas Arūnas Bubnys became Belonging and Genocide Bubnys caust civil servants collaboration Communist crimes Dutch Einsatzgruppen Einsatzkommando ethnic extermination fact forced Gens German German occupation Grijs Verleden Heijden Hilbrink Hitler Holo Holocaust Holocaust in Litauen Holocaust in Lithuania Jäger Jewish community Jewish population Jews in Lithuania Judenrat July June Jurbarkas Karen Karl Jäger Kaunas Kühne later Latvia Liekis Lithua Lithuanian Jews Lithuanian Police Battalions Liudas lived mass killings Mass Murder Massacre military Murder of Lithuanian Nazi Nederlandse Volk Netherlands nian Nikžentaitis Ninth Fort NKVD number of Jews Paneriai participated partisans perpetrators Persecution and Mass pogroms Poland Polish political Preconditions resistance result Russian Seimas Šiauliai Smetona Soviet occupation Soviet Union survived Sutton Sužiedėlis tion troops Truska Vanished World Vareikis victims Vilna Vilnius Ghetto Voren Vygantas Vytautas Magnus University Wehrmacht World of Lithuanian Yiddish Yitzhak Arad