The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and InnovationBefore the mid-eleventh century the pope was far from being the active leader of the Roman Catholic Church that he is today: he restricted himself to the local concerns of the diocese of Rome and was virtually ignored by the outside world. This book is a study of the transformation of the role of the pope in the twelfth century, from which he emerged as monarch of the universal Church, dedicated to reform and to making the Church independent of secular control. The most important role in the new model government was given to the cardinals, who hence forward were the principal advisers, agents and electors of the popes. These developments were accelerated by schism and political conflict: on three occasions the lawful pope was driven into exile by an antipope supported by a powerful secular ruler. Professor Robinson's text emphasizes the growing importance of the College of Cardinals and the practical aspects of papal government. It offers the most detailed analytical study yet available of this key period in the history of the western Church. |
Contents
Rome and the Patrimony of St Peter | 3 |
The college of cardinals | 33 |
Papal councils | 121 |
Papal legates | 146 |
Papal justice and papal legislation | 179 |
The papacy the religious orders and the episcopate | 209 |
Papal finance | 244 |
THE PAPACY AND THE SECULAR POWERS | 293 |
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Common terms and phrases
Abbot Albano Alexander III Alexander's Alexandrine alliance Anacletus antipope apostolic appointed Apulia Archbishop Benevento Bernard of Clairvaux Boso Calixtus Canterbury cardinal bishops cardinal deacon cardinal priest Celestine Cencius census chancellor chronicler claim Clement Cluny college of cardinals concordat Conrad crusade decrees Deér ecclesiastical election emperor empire Epistola Eugenius excommunication feudal France Frederick Gelasius German Gesta Gratian Gregorian Gregory VII Gregory's Hadrian Hadrian IV Haimeric Henry Historia Honorius Hüls ibid imperial Innocent Innocent II investiture Jerusalem John of Salisbury Kardinäle king kingdom Klewitz Lateran Council legatine Liber Censuum Lombard lord pope Lothar Lothar III Lucius MGH Constitutiones MGH SS Mitglieder monasteries Monte Cassino negotiations Norman Ostia papal curia papal legate papal privileges Papsttum Paschal Paschal II patrimony peace Pfaff Pierleone pontificalis pontificate pope pope's princes reform papacy Reformpapsttum Registrum Rheims Roger Rome schism Schmale secular Sicilian party Sicily St Peter successor synod twelfth century vassal VII's Vita William Zenker