Crops and Environmental Change: An Introduction to Effects of Global Warming, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and O3Examine important global environmental changes that will affect the future of agriculture! Here is a complete introduction to the influence of global environmental changes on the structure, function, and harvestable yield of major field crops. It gives you an in-depth look at the effects of climate change, air pollution, and soil salinization. The book provides an introduction to the ramifications, both positive and negative, of these ongoing environmental changes for present and future crop production and food supply. Crops and Environmental Change: An Introduction to Effects of Global Warming, Increasing Atmospheric CO2 and O3 Concentrations, and Soil Salinization on Crop Physiology and Yield integrates a discussion of the physiological effects of environmental change with background information on basic topics in plant physiology. Numerous charts, tables, and figures are included to assist in understanding the empirical effects of the environment on crops. Topics addressed in Crops and Environmental Change include:
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Contents
Introduction | |
Human Population Growth | |
Environmental Changes | |
Crops and Food Supply | 20 |
Population Crop Yield and Crop Production | 24 |
Summary | 33 |
Methods of Studying Effects of Environmental Change on Crops | 35 |
Experimental Control of Environmental Conditions | 41 |
Methods for Studying Partitioning | 167 |
Phloem Loading Transport and Unloading | 168 |
Regulation of WholePlant Carbon Partitioning | 172 |
Environmental Changes | 179 |
Summary | 187 |
Mineral Nutrition | 191 |
Nutrient Passage from Soil to Root and Beyond | 197 |
Regulation of Ion Uptake | 199 |
Methods for Salinity Studies | 50 |
Summary | 52 |
Cellular Responses to the Environment | 55 |
Enzymes | 64 |
Cellular Mechanisms of Stress Resistance | 65 |
The Role of Calcium in Stress Responses | 82 |
Specificity CrossTalk and CrossTolerance | 85 |
Summary | 87 |
Water Relations | 91 |
The Future of Fresh Water Resources | 93 |
Excess Precipitation | 95 |
Drought | 96 |
The Plant Surface | 97 |
Roots and Hydraulic Conductance | 105 |
The Crop Canopy | 106 |
Environmental Changes | 107 |
Summary | 119 |
Photosynthesis Respiration and Biosynthesis | 123 |
Effects of Environmental Conditions and Changes on Photosynthesis | 137 |
Respiration | 148 |
Effects of Environmental Conditions and Changes on Respiration | 152 |
Biosynthesis | 159 |
Summary | 160 |
Partitioning of Photosynthate | 163 |
Harvest Index | 166 |
Kinetics of Nutrient Uptake | 200 |
Environmental Changes | 201 |
Summary | 218 |
Vegetative Growth and Development | 221 |
Meristems Organs and Development | 223 |
Shoots | 230 |
Roots | 232 |
Developmental Stages | 234 |
Environmental Changes | 235 |
Summary | 259 |
Sexual Reproduction Grain Yield and Grain Quality | 263 |
Sexually Reproductive Development | 268 |
Yield Components and Variation | 274 |
Environmental Changes | 277 |
Interactive Effects of Environmental Changes in Yield | 303 |
Summary | 306 |
The Biotic Environment | 309 |
Insect Pests and Diseases | 315 |
Symbiotic Relationships with Soil Organisms | 325 |
Multiple Environmental Changes and Implications for Biotic Interactions | 330 |
List of Plant Species | 333 |
Definition of US Principal Crops | 339 |
References | 341 |
Index | 407 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid activity ambient Amthor and/or antioxidants apoplast assimilate barley bean biomass C3 crops C3 plants Ca2+ canopy carbohydrates Carbon Dioxide cell division chambers Chapter chloroplasts climatic change CO2-enriched crease cultivars cycle cytosol decrease effects of elevated effects of environmental elevated 03 elevated atmospheric CO2 elevated CO2 environment environmental changes environmental conditions enzymes example Figure function gradient grain high CO2 high temperature hydraulic conductivity important increase inhibition interactions irrigation leaf area leaves lipids maize membrane meristems mesophyll mesophyll cells metabolism molecules mycorrhizae nitrogen nutrient uptake ozone partitioning pathway percent phloem phloem loading photorespiration photosynthesis Plant Physiology plants grown pollen polyamines potato production protein reduced reproductive respiration response result rhizobia rice root growth rubisco salt tolerance seed sensitive shoot sink soil salinity sorghum Source soybean species stimulate stomatal stomatal conductance sucrose symplast tion tissue translocation transport weeds wheat xylem yield Ziska