Unity and flexibility in the future of the European Union : the challenge of enhanced cooperationThe entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty poses anew the question of whether, from now on, it will be more likely for the European Union to use this mechanism, or, conversely, the new institutional, jurisdictional and decision-making framework may act as a containment of favourable trends in the development of variable integration formulas. In reality, flexible or differentiated integration instruments, within or outside of the framework of the EU, alongside strictly intergovernmental cooperation between certain EU countries, have existed since the beginning of Community integration. |
Contents
Foreword | 9 |
horizontal provisions | 15 |
Enhanced cooperation and energy | 23 |
Introduction | 39 |
Enhanced cooperation? | 46 |
Modes of Cooperation and the Capacity to Act | 55 |
Proposals and the need for Revision of Coordination | 58 |
Outlook | 65 |
Enhanced Cooperation and the European Foreign and Security and Defence Policy | 75 |
Flexibility in the CFSP and CSDP | 84 |
Ahistoricalperspective | 90 |
Common terms and phrases
Accessed acquis action adopted AFSJ Agreement allow already Amsterdam application Article authorization CFSP challenges clauses Commission Community competences competition concerning Constitutional coordination Council countries create crisis decide decision defence differentiated integration differentiation Directive economic effects electricity energy enhanced cooperation established Euro Europe European Council European Union example existing field flexibility foreign framework further future governance hand implementation important increased initiative institutions integration interest internal Ireland issues Italy legislation limits Lisbon Lisbon Treaty majority matters measures mechanism Member necessary Nice objectives opt-out participation pillar political position possible powers present principle procedure progress proposal protection Protocol provisions rates referred reform regarding regulation relation respect rules Schengen scope significant social specific structural supply TFEU third trade Treaty Treaty of Lisbon United