Design of Machine Elements

AISI alloy alloy steels aluminum annealed applied axial axis beam bearing bending bolt carburizing cast iron centroidal coil column compressive stress computed corrosion Courtesy curve cycles decarburized deflection deformation design factor design stress diameter dimensions ductile elastic endurance strength equation example external load F₁ factor of safety failure fatigue strength FIGURE fits force friction gears gray iron hardening hardness heat treated heat treatment hole in-lb increase limit lubricant machine material maximum shear maximum stress Mc/I metal minimum modulus modulus of elasticity natural spread normal stress obtained peening plane plastic pressure properties quenching radius residual stresses resistance rivets rolled s₁ screw shaft shear stress shot peening shown in Fig specimen spring stainless standard static stress concentration surface Table temperature tempering tensile stress threads tolerance torque torsional values wire yield strength