La Merica: Images Of Italian Greenhorn ExperienceWhy would a man tie up a cheap suitcase with grass rope, leave his family and his paesani in Italy to risk his life and meager possessions among the dock thieves of Naples and Genoa to suffer the congestion and stench of steerage accommodations aboard ship, to endure the assembly-line processing of Ellis Island, to wander almost incommunicado through a city of sneering strangers speaking an unknown tongue, to perform ten to twelve hours of heavy manual labor a day for wages of perhaps $1.65—most of which he probably owed to the "company store" before he got it? Why were there not just a few such men but droves of them coming to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century? How did they survive and—some of them—prosper? How did they surmount the language barrier? Why did some stay, some go home, and some bounce back and forth repeatedly across the Atlantic? Michael La Sorte examines these questions and more in this lively study of Italian immigration prior to World War I. In exploring for answers, he draws upon the commentary of recent scholars, as well as the statistical documents of the day. But most importantly, he has searched out individual stories in the published and unpublished diaries, letters, and autobiographies of immigrants who lived the "greenhorn" (grignoni) experience. In their own language, the men bring to life the teeming tenements of New York's Mulberry Street, the exploitative labor-recruiting practices of Boston's North Square, and the harsh squalor of work camp life along the country's expanding railroad lines. What emerges is a powerful, moving, alternately funny and appalling picture of their everyday lives. Through detailed narration, La Sorte traces the men's lives from their native villages across the Atlantic through the ports of entry to their first immigrant jobs. He describes their views of Italy, America, and each other, the cultural and linguistic adjustments that they were compelled to make, and their motives for either Americanizing or repatriating themselves. His chapter on "Italglish" (a hybrid language developed by the greenhorns) will echo in the ears of Italian-Americans as the sound of their parents' and grandparents' voices. |
Contents
3 | |
2 Landing in New York | 37 |
3 Working in America | 61 |
4 Living in America | 117 |
The Immigrant Idiom | 159 |
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Adolfo Rossi Alberobello Angelo Mosso arrived asked Autobiography Banker Bartolo Basilicata Bernardy boarders boardinghouse Bollettino dell'emigrazione bosso Boston Brandenburg brother camp Carlo Tresca Carnevali Castle Garden Cianfarra Conte Corresca crew D'Angelo dago dialect diary dollars earn Edmondo De Amicis Ellis Island emigrants employers English factory father Francesco friends gang Giuseppe grant greenhorn H. L. Mencken hired Iamurri Iannace Ibid immi immigrant immigrant idiom Imported Americans Irish Ital Italglish Italia randagia Italian Americans Italian colony Italian immigrant Italians in America knew labor language Leonardo Sciascia lived look Margariti Matteo migrant Milano months Naples never officials Once padrone paesani Panunzio passengers penny person Racalmuto railroad return to Italy Sciaddappa ship shovel Sicilian Stati Uniti steerage Street ticket tion told took Totonno United Utica Ventresca village wages walked weeks words workers York