3-D Seismic InterpretationTopics covered include basic structural interpretation and map-making; the used of 3-D visualisation methods, interpretation of seismic amplitudes, including their relation to rock and fluid properties; and the generation and use of AVO and acoustic impedance datasets. Also included is the increasingly important field of time-lapse seismic mapping, which allows the interpreter to trace the movement of fluids within the reservoir during production. The discussion of the acquisition and processing of 3-D seismic data is intended to promote an understanding of important data quality issues. Extensive mathematics has been avoided, but enough detail is included on the effects of changing rock and fluid properties to allow readers to make their own calculations. |
Contents
1 | 9 |
2 | 17 |
3 | 30 |
Structural interpretation | 58 |
2 | 71 |
3 | 89 |
4 | 102 |
5 | 120 |
5 | 133 |
Inversion | 155 |
Timelapse seismic | 180 |
Workstation issues | 193 |
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Common terms and phrases
2-D lines 3-D data 3-D survey 3-D volume acoustic impedance acquisition angle autotracker boat bulk modulus cables calculated chapter CMP gather correct crossline dataset density depth depth conversion direction display drilled effects example fault fluid fill frequencies geological geometry geophone Geophysics grid hydrocarbon increase inline instantaneous phase interface interpolation interval inversion lateral layer loop map view marine migration modulus moveout multiples noise North Sea offset P-wave phase Poisson's ratio polarity porosity position possible pre-stack processing produced recorded reflection coefficient reflection point reflector reservoir result sediment seismic section seismic survey seismic trace seismic velocity seismogram shale shear shooting shots and receivers shown in fig shows signal sonic log source and receiver source-receiver square kilometre stacking velocity stratigraphic structure subsurface surface target thickness time-lapse travel-time usually values velocity vertical wave wavelet workstation zero-offset zero-phase Zoeppritz equations zone