Essentials of Learning for InstructionThis is a book about human learning, intended to be useful to teachers and prospective teachers. The contents of this book will provide a framework that can serve well in organizing thought and the accumulation of knowledge about teaching. Learning is described in terms of the information processing model of learning and memory. This model posits a number of internal processes that are subject to the influence of external events. The book should find its greatest usefulness in undergraduate courses in educational psychology and as an adjunct to graduate offerings in this subject. It might also be used as a supplementary text in courses in human learning, instructional methods, instructional design, and educational technology as well for the continuing education of teachers. |
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able achieve acquired act of learning activities attention attitude audio behavior capabilities Chapter cognitive strategies complex concrete concepts conditions of learning consider course cues defined concepts described effective employ encoding events of instruction example expectancy external events Figure Gagné grade higher-order rule human identify important individual influence instructional design instructional events intellectual skills internal processes kind of learning knowledge learner strategies learning goal learning outcomes learning processes learning task learning theory lesson long-term memory means metacognition motivation motor skills objective occur planning practice prerequisite presented previously learned principles prior learning problem procedures processes of learning programs reinforcement relevance require retrieval selective perception self-efficacy self-instruction semantic encoding sentences sequence Sesame Street short-term memory solving storage subroutine teacher teaching television tion topic transfer transfer of learning tutoring type of learning U.S. Constitution variety verbal information verbs words