Dynamics of Marine Fish Populations

adult asymptotic average behavior biological biomass Blaxter changes cohort collapse complex Cons consider copepod curve Cushing decline decrease density density-dependent dependence dinoflagellate distribution ecosystem effects egg production eggs and larvae environment environmental example Explor factors fecundity feeding Figure fish larvae fish populations fish stocks fishing mortality flatfish food signal function gadoids Georges Bank growth haddock Hence important increase ingested interaction juvenile large numbers larval mortality level of abundance life-history stages low-fecundity mackerel magnitude marine fish maturity mechanisms mortality rates nauplii North Sea northern anchovy number of eggs number of fish number of recruits nutrition observed organisms particles Paulik percent phytoplankton pink salmon plaice plankton population dynamics population-dynamics process predation prey problem R₁ Rapp recruitment-stock recruitment-stock relation recruitment-stock theory relationship relatively reproductive Réun Ricker sardine somatic species stability stock and recruitment suggests survival temperature tion variability variation weight yield-per-recruit young fish zooplankton